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- W2015151490 abstract "The retina—lamina complex derives from the synchronous neural maturation of two embryologically independent regions: the eye imaginal disc and the lamina anlage in the brain. A precocious connection is established between these two regions by means of the optic stalks. Since hatching time to the third-instar larval stage, each optic stalk contains 40 ± 7 axons only. These axons have an extraimaginal disc origin, probably in two sensory organs lying in the cephalic region of the larva. When the neural differentiation of the imaginal disc cells starts, the growing axons invade the already formed optic stalks. At the end of larval life each optic stalk contains two different, unequal populations of nerve fibers: the primitive larval bundle, and the imaginal bundle composed of thousands of photoreceptor axons. During the pupal period the larval bundle undergoes a complete degeneration. A transient, direct uncrossed projection pattern is found, at early pupal stages, relating the retina anlage to the lamina anlage. The crisscrossed, trapezoidal adult type of projection pattern develops 50–72 hours after the puparium formation. This rearrangement of nerve connections determines the formation of the optic cartridges. In the course of the first 90 hours of the pupal life, the proto-ommatidia do not show the central cavity which characterizes the retina of adult flies. Conversely, the rhabdomeric microvilli of the eight photoreceptors form some sort of temporary fused type of central rhabdom. By means of serial section studies it was possible to demonstrate the early differentiation of the superior and inferior central cells. The morphologically uniform cell population found in the lamina anlage at the end of the larval life, is substituted by two distinct cell types 48 hours after pupation. Important morphological changes leading to the differentiation of the types and subtypes of adult neurons can be detected 70–90 hours after puparium formation. The neurological maturation of the first synaptic field implies the remodeling of the nerve processes. Some of the primitive neural branches disappear and new ones are formed; 30–50 hours later, there is a clear electron microscopic visualization of the synaptic loci in the optic cartridges. Parallelly, the first capitate projections arising from the epithelial cells begin to invade the photoreceptor axon endings. Simultaneously with neuronal differentiation and the maturation of the nerve circuits, the lamina anlage migrates outward to the primordium of the retina." @default.
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- W2015151490 title "The development of the retina-lamina complex in muscoid flies" @default.
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- W2015151490 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5320(73)80027-9" @default.
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