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- W2015161621 abstract "A significant consideration in forward planning for water treatment works design and operation concerns the effectiveness of a filtration plant in providing a barrier to particulates in the low micrometre size range, including Cryptosporidium oocysts. The performance of rapid gravity filtration plants is believed to be dependent on backwash and start-up regimes. It was the aim of this study to optimize direct sand filtration by identifying optimum filter backwash and start-up conditions which minimized the passage of particulates into the filtrate. The filter ripening period has long been identified as a cause for concern with respect to particulate passage into the filtrate; this work has shown that up to 40% of all particles that pass into supply during a 48 h run, do so in the first hour of operation. Optimum combined air water “collapse-pulsing” backwash durations were identified that reduced the number of 2–5 μm particles entering the filtrate, especially during the ripening period. Slow start-up was also found to reduce the number of 2–5 μm particles in the filtrate during the ripening period. The reductions in particulate passage resulting from a slow start was found to be media dependent, with smaller media requiring a longer slow start duration than coarser media." @default.
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- W2015161621 date "1996-10-01" @default.
- W2015161621 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2015161621 title "Filter backwash and start-up strategies for enhanced particulate removal" @default.
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- W2015161621 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(96)00085-1" @default.
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