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- W2015179601 abstract "Retinoic acid (RA) is a well-known antiinflammatory agent. In this study, we show that RA has a dual effect on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in inflammatory activated microglia, the resident brain macrophages. After treatment of microglia with LPS or thrombin, COX-2 expression was induced in two phases, specifically, an initial increase at about 12 hr after stimulation followed by a decrease, and another increase at about 48–72 hr. However, PGE2 and 15d-PGJ2 were detected at about 12 hr, and the levels continuously increased thereafter. Interestingly, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) suppressed the expression of early-phase COX-2 but augmented late-phase COX-2 and inhibited iNOS in the whole time sequence. ATRA enhanced PGE2 production but had little effect on 15d-PGJ2. Moreover, ATRA selectively up-regulated the expression of a PGE2 synthase, mPGES-1, but had little effect on the PGD2 synthase, H-PGDS. The results collectively suggest that ATRA modulates microglial responses to inflammatory stimulators, particularly at the late phase, via enhancement of COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc." @default.
- W2015179601 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2015179601 date "2008-01-01" @default.
- W2015179601 modified "2023-10-13" @default.
- W2015179601 title "Retinoic acid enhances prostaglandin E2 production through increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in rat brain microglia" @default.
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- W2015179601 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.21593" @default.
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