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- W2015338193 abstract "Bacterial viruses were discovered in 1915 when Twort (49) observed a serially transmissible agent that destroys bacteria. Twort published this finding in a brief note that remained unnoticed until, two years later, d'Herelle (20) announced his, probably independent, discovery of an entirely analogous filtrable virus, to which he gave the name bacteriophage. D'Herelle's announcement caused an immediate sensation in the world of medical microbiology, because d'Herelle promulgated the idea that bacteriophages, rather than antibodies, are the chief agents of natural immunity against bacterial infections and should be most useful for a generalized therapy and prophylaxis. Despite holding to these, in the event quite mistaken, notions, d'Herelle managed to recognize bacterial viruses for what we know them to be today. Within two or three years of his original discovery he had invented the method of plaque counting that made possible the accurate titration of phage, and by 1923 he had outlined the true life cycle of the phage (21): the virus particle first attaches itself to the surface of the bacterium, then penetrates into the interior of the cell, where it reproduces itself to generate an issue of many progeny viruses. The progeny are liberated and ready to infect further bacteria when the infected cell finally bursts open, or undergoes lysis. Although, now in retrospect, these ideas not only seem eminently plausible but also happen to be true, they were accepted by few of d'Herelle's contemporaries. Especially the doctrine that the bacteriophage is a selfreproducing virus gave widespread offense, and such adversaries of d'Herelle as Bordet (3) and Gratia (19) preferred to think of it as a self-stimulating enzyme endogenous to the bacterium. Nevertheless, as Burnet (6) observed in 1934, however agnostic they have been in regard to the nature of a phage, all workers manipulated and in practice thought of it as an extrinsic, virus-like agent. Phage research made a Big Leap Forward with the appearance of M. Schlesinger on the scene. From about 1930 until his death in 1935, Schlesinger was the first to train the methods of molecular biology on bacterial viruses. Schlesinger showed by various indirect methods, such as the adsorption capacity of the bacterial cell for phage and the sedimentation velocity of the phage, that the virus particle has a maximum linear dimension of the order of 0.1 I& and a mass of about 4 x 10 -1eg." @default.
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- W2015338193 date "1962-03-01" @default.
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- W2015338193 title "A Short Epistemology of Bacteriophage Multiplication" @default.
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- W2015338193 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(62)86946-x" @default.
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