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• W201556905 abstract "Publisher SummaryWhen the organ systems of the body are studied from an engineering point of view, electricity emerges as the essence of human life. It is not surprising that medical practitioners have been fascinated by the effects of externally applied electricity since the beginning of medicine. New materials and increased understanding of their biological interface properties, both of the materials themselves and of living tissues in the presence of electrical current, now make it possible to influence minute natural electric currents in the body and to create substitute signals to reactivate lost functions. This chapter explains the concept of neuromuscular response to stimulation, functional electrical stimulation, and therapeutic electrical stimulation. The primary goal of therapeutic electrical stimulation is to effect an improvement in performance or to correct a deformity with the end goal of making the patient equipment-free. Two of the most common problems of rehabilitative medicine are contractures and disuse muscle atrophy. Atrophy is defined as a wasting away or diminution of size. A contracture is a fixed limitation in the range of motion of a joint. This is not caused by joint deterioration, as may be the case in rheumatoid arthritis, but occurs because of immobilization, paralysis, or chronic agonist–antagonist muscle imbalance, which results in a permanent shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of muscles and other tissue surrounding the joint capsule. Current treatment methods are not adequate. The recommended treatment for contracture prevention is daily ranging of the involved joints. This is impossible during immobilization and is often ineffective in brain-damaged patients with spasticity or rigidity, which prevents complete ranging." @default.
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• W201556905 date "1976-01-01" @default.
• W201556905 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W201556905 title "Control of Skeletal Muscle by Electrical Stimulation" @default.
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• W201556905 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-004906-6.50010-5" @default.
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