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- W2015665941 endingPage "154014203914343" @default.
- W2015665941 startingPage "154014203914343" @default.
- W2015665941 abstract "The “hygiene hypothesis” has been suggested to explain the rising incidence of allergic disorders in developed countries. The postulated mechanism is that infectious and/or microbial agents stimulate the immune system toward Th1 (allergy fighting) rather than Th2 (allergy promoting) response. This paper reviews the evidence related to early life infectious/microbial exposures and subsequent atopic disorders and evaluates whether these data suggest a hormetic effect. Our review indicates an insufficient and contradictory association for bacterial/viral infections, with protective effects being either absent or specific to certain infections and/or populations. Chronic, heavy parasitic burdens appear to confer protection against atopic disorders, but are associated with considerable pathology. Moreover, light parasitic burden may increase allergic responses (i.e., no “low dose” beneficial effect). In contrast, there is consistent evidence that general microbial exposures, particularly gut commensals, may be protective against allergy development, which is consistent with a hormetic effect (i.e., potentially beneficial effects at low doses and detrimental effects at high levels). Conclusion: General microbial exposures in relation to the “hygiene hypothesis” may represent a hormetic effect, although further research with more rigorous study methods (i.e., prospective designs and measurement of exposure timing, dose, route, etc.) are needed." @default.
- W2015665941 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2015665941 creator A5042941557 @default.
- W2015665941 creator A5051665897 @default.
- W2015665941 date "2003-04-01" @default.
- W2015665941 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2015665941 title "Is the Hygiene Hypothesis an Example of Hormesis?" @default.
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- W2015665941 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/15401420391434306" @default.
- W2015665941 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2651604" @default.
- W2015665941 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19330119" @default.
- W2015665941 hasPublicationYear "2003" @default.
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