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- W2015854973 abstract "Quite recently a new and interesting theory has been put forward by Messrs. K. S. Sandford and W. J. Arkell to account for the most easterly of these depressions?the Faiyum Oasis. This depression differs from all the others in the series in being connected with the Nile Valley by the Hauwaret Channel, through which flows the Bahr Yusef, a stream taking off from the Nile at Asyut, some 200 miles to the south. It appears to be a natural channel, possibly once the course of the main stream, left, by a subsequent change of direction, to meander close under the cliffs bounding the western side of the Nile Valley. It is now regulated for irrigation purposes, but if uncontrolled would flood the Faiyum, since it enters it at a level of 28 metres, while the bottom of the basin is at ?50 metres (see map, Fig. 1, following p. 416). The new theory claims normal river action as the main agent in the excavation of the Faiyum from Pliocene or earlier times to the post-Palaeolithic period. The depression was then thought to have been cut to its present depth of 50 metres below sea-level by a tributary to the Nile, at that time flowing below its present level, and joined to the Faiyum by a deep gorge through the Hauwaret Channel, since silted up by the aggrading stream. On this view, therefore, the Faiyum as we know it now is of very recent origin.# It is this statement, for which, unfortunateiy, no evidence is given, that I feel can be left no longer unchallenged, for it has a direct bearing on the character of the Palaeolithic and Neolithic lakes that I have been studying for two seasons, mainly in the northern desert area. The accepted view of the origin of the Faiyum Depression is that given by H. J. L. Beadnell in his Survey Memoir on the district, published in 1905.f The main points in the two theories are summarized in the table on p. 372, and in the diagrams in Fig. 3, following p. 416. The essential differences in the above views are firstly, that Beadnell considers that the erosion of the depression had already begun in the Pliocene, and had been completed by the Pleistocene, while Messrs. Sandford and Arkell think that the final stages were not accomplished till post-Pleistocene times. Secondly, on BeadnelPs theory desert conditions had already set in before the formation of the Pleistocene lake, while Messrs. Sandford and Arkell would put this occurrence well on in the post-Pleistocene. Finally, with this last point can be correlated the divergence in opinion as to the agents mainly concerned with the erosion of the depression. Beadnell would ascribe to wind action" @default.
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- W2015854973 date "1929-10-01" @default.
- W2015854973 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2015854973 title "The Origin of the Faiyum Depression: A Critical Commentary on a New View of Its Origin" @default.
- W2015854973 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/1784253" @default.
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