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• W2015887367 abstract "Quaker Meeting Houses in America and England: Impressions and Comparisons David M. Butler* These notes have been compiled after a visit to see meeting houses in only one part of the United States, that is within Philadelphia and New York Yearly Meetings. While a large number were seen in these areas it is realised that many riches lay unseen elsewhere. All the same, these two yearly meetings have long been of great strength, and as illustrations of many meeting houses in other parts, specially Carolina, show very similar features it is expected that the conclusions drawn here will be of more than local application. To those accustomed to the variety of forms taken by Quaker meeting houses in England, the great majority of American meeting houses seem on first acquaintance very uniform. This holds true whatever they are built of, their age, or their size. Clearly the typical American meeting house design was established early on, was found by experience to be satisfactory, and did not need to be changed for many years.1 (figures 1 and 2) fig. ? 3Híisi','ffl siiiiiii * David M. Butler is a resident of Kendal, Cumbria, an architect (retired), and a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London. 1. For English meeting houses see, for example: Hubert Lidbetter, TheFriends Meeting House. An Historical Survey (York, William Sessions, [1961]); Kenneth H. Southall, Our Quaker Heritage: Early Meeting Houses Built Prior to 1720 and in Use Today (London, Quaker Home Service, 1974); David M. Butler, Quaker Meeting Houses of the Lake Counties (London, Friends Historical Society, 1978). For American meeting houses: Horace M. Lippincott, Quaker Meeting Houses, and a Little Humor (Jenkintown, Pennsylvania, 1952); Quaker Roots: The Story of Western Quarterly Meeting, ed. Norma Jacob (Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, 1980); Seth B. Hinshaw, Carolina Quakers: Three Hundred Years, 1672-1972 (Greensboro, North Carolina, 1971) and The Carolina Quaker Experience, 1665-1985: North Carolina Yearly Meeting (Greensboro, North Carolina, North Carolina Friends Historical Society, 1984). 94Quaker History The questions to be asked are how they differ, and why. Comparisons should concern only matters that are of peculiarly Quaker significance, and one irrelevance must be disposed of first. A great many features of old buildings arise from whatever building materials are available locally, and from local customs and traditions of building. These matters may be of great interest to students of vernacular construction but have little to do with the essential Quaker character of the building. Perhaps the choice of building materials reflects the outward prosperity of members of the meeting, but there is little to suggest that prosperity or lack of it affects the presence of significant Quaker features, only the way they are finished off. Thus the very plain little boarded meeting house built by Nicholite Friends at Tuckahoe Neck (Maryland) in 1 802 has facing benches that could scarcely be more simple. They are there however in just the quantity and disposition found in meeting houses showing much greater affluence and polish. At the very simplest analysis the general run of English meeting houses come in two main types: the cottage entered on the long side wall (accounting for some 60%), and the chapel entered under the gable (about 35%). The former are usually the older, and are more typical of country than town. They differ little from cottages and are often of much the same size, say 16 by 30 feet inside. Indeed , some were built in the first place as dwellings, and others became dwellings once the meeting had finished with them. The chapel type of meeting house is more often than not like the nonconformist chapel in outward appearance, though with a good deal more Quaker simplicity about it. Inside, both kinds of meeting houses have facing benches on the far end wall. They often have an upper gallery for extra seats, and usually a separate room for the women's business meeting. This room is generally divided off by shutters giving it about one third or one quarter of the whole floor area. Sometimes it is tucked away in the space under the gallery, occasionally it is a quite separate room, sometimes even a separate building, as at Hertford (Hertfordshire) where..." @default.
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• W2015887367 date "1990-01-01" @default.
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• W2015887367 title "Quaker Meeting Houses in America and England: Impressions and Comparisons" @default.
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• W2015887367 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/qkh.1990.0006" @default.
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