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• W2015934445 abstract "sand pine, Pinus clausa Vasey, was readily apparent to me from highway. Although presence of sawfly larvae was suspected, this defoliation was being caused by relatively large geometrid larvae. These larvae were approximately 2 inches in length, pale yellow, and marked with a wide orange-red dorsal stripe and thin longitudinal lines of black and white. Head capsules, thoracic legs, and prolegs were orange marked with flecks of brown. Although larvae were colorful, they were difficult to see among pine foliage on which they were feeding. Preserved larvae were sent to U. S. National Museum for possible identification. Mr. H. W. Capps was unable to associate larvae with adults though identical larvae from sand pine at Orlando had been submitted to Museum in 1931 by W. W. Yothers. Additional larvae were collected and held for rearing of adults. Larvae were in their last feeding instar at time of collection. Feeding of larvae was confined to pine needles produced during previous year and was not observed on tender expanding needles of new growing season. Pupation occurred among green needles of previous year. Prior to pupation, a larva would loosely tie a number of needles together with strands of silk. This could hardly be called a cocoon yet it did serve to protect beautiful tan and white pupal stage which lasted about 2 weeks. Under field conditions some pupae occurred among Spanish moss, Tillandsia usneoides L., growing on heavily infected trees. When adults were recovered from rearings, they could readily be identified as Nepytia semiclusaria (Wlk.), a species which had been collected at lights in Gainesville during previous seasons. The occurrence of adults at Gainesville argues against species being restricted to sand pine as this tree does not grow in vicinity of city. Tietz (1952) lists food plants as Abies sp. (firs), Larix laricina DuRoi (larch), Picea sp. (spruce), Pinus sp. (pines), and Tsuga canadensis L. (hemlock) and records adult specimens collected from Upper Austral, Transition, and Canadian life zones in Pennsylvania. Although Packard (1873) described adult of this insect under a synonomous name, his specimens were from Albany, N. Y., and Maine. Holland (1915) states that the moth occurs in northern portions of United States. Caged adult moths from rearings were observed for information on oviposition habits. These moths repeatedly refused fresh pine foliage for oviposition, however, when corky bark from loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., was introduced into cage, this was readily accepted. Eggs were laid in masses of a few to a hundred or more beneath loose bark scales. The eggs were pale green, oblong, somewhat flattened, and with a sunken cap on one end. After a few days, color of eggs had changed from green to brown. Although eggs have been held under observation, hatching did not occur." @default.
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• W2015934445 date "1960-12-01" @default.
• W2015934445 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2015934445 title "Nepytia semiclusaria (Wlk.) as a Defoliator of Pine (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)" @default.
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• W2015934445 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/3492790" @default.
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