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- W2016110557 endingPage "222" @default.
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- W2016110557 abstract "This review presents the current state of knowledge on the relationship between the environment and the use of municipal waste compost in terms of health risk assessment. The hazards stem from chemical and microbiological agents whose nature and magnitude depend heavily on the degree of sorting and on the composting methods. Three main routes of exposure can be determined and are quantified in the literature: (i) The ingestion of soil/compost mixtures by children, mostly in cases of pica, can be a threat because of the amount of lead, chromium, cadmium, PCDDF and fecal streptococci that can be absorbed. (ii) Though concern about contamination through the food chain is weak when compost is used in agriculture, some authors anticipate accumulation of pollutants after several years of disposal, which might lead to future hazards. (iii) Exposure is also associated with atmospheric dispersion of compost organic dust that convey microorganisms and toxicants. Data on hazard posed by organic dust from municipal composts to the farmer or the private user is scarce. To date, microorganisms are only measured at composting plants, thus raising the issue of extrapolation to environmental situations. Lung damage and allergies may occur because of organic dust, Gram negative bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. Further research is needed on the risk related to inhalation of chemical compounds. Cette revue tend à évaluer les relations entre l'environnement et l'utilisation des composts urbains en terme d'évaluation des risques pour la santé. Les dangers concernent des agents chimiques et microbiologiques dont la nature et la teneur dans les composts sont dépendantes du tri préalable des ordures et de la méthode de compostage. On a pu qualifier et quantifier trois principales voies d'exposition: (i) L'ingestion directe de mélange sol/compost représente un risque pour les enfants, notamment en cas de pica, dû aux concentrations des composts en plomb, en chrome, en cadmium, en PCDDF et en streptocoques fécaux. (ii) Lors de l'utilisation agricole, la transmission des polluants par la chaîne alimentaire est faible, mais certains auteurs ont envisagé des dangers futurs par l'accumulation des polluants dans les sols, suite à un amendement répété. (iii) Une exposition atmosphérique existe par la dispersion dans l'air de poussières organiques des composts, véhiculant des microorganismes et des toxiques. Les données recueillies sur le terrain évaluant le danger pour les utilisateurs (fermier ou utilisateur privé) sont rares. Actuellement les microorganismes ont été essentiellement mesurés sur le site de compostage ne permettant qu'une extrapolation discutable aux situations environnementales. Des affections pulmonaires et des allergies peuvent être dues aux poussières organiques, aux bactéries Gram−, aux actinomycètes et aux champignons. D'autres recherches sont nécessaires pour évaluer les risques liés à l'inhalation des composés chimiques." @default.
- W2016110557 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2016110557 creator A5009731055 @default.
- W2016110557 creator A5011819882 @default.
- W2016110557 creator A5021865213 @default.
- W2016110557 date "1995-11-01" @default.
- W2016110557 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W2016110557 title "Hazard to man and the environment posed by the use of urban waste compost: a review" @default.
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