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• W2016168182 abstract "Abstract In northwestern Germany, the oldest coal-bearing strata occur in the Upper Namurian and extend into the uppermost Westphalian D. The cumulative thickness of this sedimentary unit is about 4000 m, including more than 100 coal seams. As their thickness rarely exceeds 2 m (equivalent to 15 m of uncompacted peat), coal seams contribute only 5% to the total volume of the sedimentary sequence. The remainder consists of siltstones and sandstones with various amounts of dispersed organic matter that were mainly deposited in a fluvio-deltaic regime. The coal seams investigated are of late Westphalian (B and C) age and between 0.4 and 2.4 m thick. Mean random vitrinite reflectances are in the range of 0.7–1.0%, thus indicating high-volatile bituminous A coals. Petrographic changes in maceral composition and mineral abundances from seat earths underlying the coal seams to the roof strata reveal that change of organic facies and paleodepositional environment are common. In general, the degree of degradation for plant material was high during the deposition of seat earths and basal sections of the seams. This can be deduced from the high content of detrital, mechanically broken macerals and from the relatively high inertinite/vitrinite ratio. Above the base of the seams, thick when vitrinite-rich sections are common and represent time when conditions ar favorable for the preservation of autochthonous organic particles. In the central and upper parts of the seams, dull coals rich in inertinite and sporinite are also abundant. These dull coals mainly occur in rather thick mineral-poor coal seams and may represent highly degraded and oxidized peats that accumulated at morphologically elevated areas. Subsequent deposition of clastic roof strata had only minor influence on organic facies of underlying coal. Coals lying directly mudstone partings or roof strata do not show any specific maceral composition but are generally enriched in early diagenetic pyrite. Vertical variations in maceral composition within the coal profiles are clearly different from seam to seam, thus revealing significant differences between depositional environments of mineral-rich and mineral-poor coal seams (Littke, 1987). Geochemical analyses of petrologically well-defined lithotypes provide additional data that may help us to understand deposttional environments of coal seams and their maturation. Hopanes are major contributions to the saturated fraction of coal extracts, indicating a major contribution of bacterial, microscopically unidentifiable material. The abundance of specific bacteria-derived biomarkers is, however, clearly different in a vitrinite-rich and in a sporinite-rich sample from the same coal seam. Geochemical analyses also provide a means to a better understanding of maturation processes by comparing data from coals of different maturity but similar, petrologically determined organic facies. On the basis of a material balance for the elemental hydrogen (80 wt.%) remains in the coals, party as newly formed bitumen. The transport of hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide out of the coals is nevertheless an efficient process because of the large amount of hydrogen and hy" @default.
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• W2016168182 date "1990-12-01" @default.
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• W2016168182 title "Paleoecological trends and petroleum potential of Upper Carboniferous coal seams of Western Germany" @default.
• W2016168182 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(90)90037-y" @default.
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