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- W2016260089 abstract "Symbiosis is found throughout nature, but perhaps nowhere is it more fundamental than mitochondria in all eukaryotes. Since mitochondria were discovered and mechanisms of oxygen reduction characterized, an understanding gradually emerged that these organelles were involved not just in the combustion of oxygen, but also in the sensing of oxygen. While multiple hypotheses exist to explain the mitochondrial involvement in oxygen sensing, key elements are developing that include potassium channels and reactive oxygen species. To understand how mitochondria contribute to oxygen sensing, it is informative to study a model system which is naturally adapted to survive extended periods without oxygen. Amongst air-breathing vertebrates, the most highly adapted are western painted turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii), which overwinter in ice-covered and anoxic water bodies. Through research of this animal, it was postulated that metabolic rate depression is key to anoxic survival and that mitochondrial regulation is a key aspect. When faced with anoxia, excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in turtle brain are inhibited through mitochondrial calcium release, termed “channel arrest”. Simultaneously, inhibitory GABAergic signalling contributes to the “synaptic arrest” of excitatory action potential firing through a pathway dependent on mitochondrial depression of ROS generation. While many pathways are implicated in mitochondrial oxygen sensing in turtles, such as those of adenosine, ATP turnover, and gaseous transmitters, an apparent point of intersection is the mitochondria. In this review we will explore how an organelle that was critical for organismal complexity in an oxygenated world has also become a potentially important oxygen sensor." @default.
- W2016260089 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2016260089 creator A5068479553 @default.
- W2016260089 date "1993-08-01" @default.
- W2016260089 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2016260089 title "Making mistakes in Science: Eduard Pflüger, his scientific and professional concept of Physiology, and his unsuccessful theory of diabetes (1903–1910)" @default.
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- W2016260089 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-3681(93)90036-j" @default.
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