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- W2016605870 abstract "A distinction is made between epoch or time of day and duration or time interval. The unit of universal time U.T. was thought to be uniform but an annual variation of about ±1 part in 108 was revealed by quartz clocks, and long-term irregular variations of about 7 parts in 108 were revealed by a study of the ephemerides of the Sun and planets. A new unit of time based on the ephemeris of the Sun was therefore defined, the advantages of precision and availability being sacrificed in the interests of uniformity. For precise work, and particularly for the study of atomic clocks, there has been no alternative but to use an atomic unit based on a transition of the caesium atom between its ground state hyperfine levels. It is now well established that this atomic unit can be used with an accuracy within 1 part in 1011. Other atomic resonances give a comparable accuracy. Atomic standards including a number of commercial models are being increasingly used to control the radio transmissions of standard frequencies and time signals, making the atomic unit immediately and universally available. The atomic time given by individual standards has been integrated over a period of five years and the scales have deviated by less than 0·003 seconds. Atomic clocks throughout the world can be synchronized to 1 μsec. The time of day, or the position of the Earth on its axis is still required for civil life, navigation and astronomy. This can only be provided by astronomical measurements and the most convenient way of coordinating these on an atomic time scale is still under consideration." @default.
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- W2016605870 date "1969-01-01" @default.
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- W2016605870 title "The measurement of time" @default.
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- W2016605870 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0083-6656(69)90004-x" @default.
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