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• W201700805 abstract "Toni Morrison's Paradise (1997) seeks re-imagine agency as a function of coalition processes that are communal and caring in impulse. In so doing, Paradise addresses issues of coalition in ways that complicate and finally gesture away from dominant conceptualizations of coalition in the United States in the wake of the Civil Rights and New Left Movements. Although both of movements championed coalition politics, commonly understood as the combining of and material resources effect a specific change that be brought about independently (Brown 3), as a means of achieving equality, they operated on models of coalition that in the end retained hierarchy, retained the notion of a centered, stable subject that was male and gained dominance through processes of othering. (1) That the prevailing conception of coalition politics has been masculinized is evident not only in its various enactments within the abovementioned activist movements but also in the ways in which coalition itself has been theorized in the West. Since the early 1960s, the disciplines of history, economics, science, and psychology in the West have tended discuss and theorize coalition in terms that privilege mathematical and market models and that unquestioningly assume maximizing and winning as the goals of coalition building. For example, William H. Piker's groundbreaking The Theory of Political Coalitions (1962), which is cited in almost all texts that succeed it, privileges abstract reasoning as the mechanism by which political science can rise above the level of wisdom literature and join economics and psychology in the creation of genuine sciences of human behavior (viii), and he constructs a model of coalition-building that assumes that rational man wants... win, to maxim ize (21-22). Consequently, the dominant versions of coalition processes privilege an individualistic and agonistic model, complete with hierarchy and exploitation, and both devalue and efface other modes of coalition. R. Radhakrishnan is one of the few scholars who has argued that there exists a need the creation of non-aggressive, non-coercive, and generous space where different and multiple constituencies may meet collectively (323). Although the work of W. Edward Vinacke, in the area of psychology, describes the differing behaviors of men (exploitative) and women (accommodative) when placed in controlled experimental situations that necessitate coalition-building, he does not analyze the consequences of his findings for existing models of coalition that have tended privilege those behaviors associated with men (Accommodative 511). (2) While Jerome Chertkoff notes Vinacke's findings, he argues that these sex differences are not terribly damaging the existing theories (314), thus d emonstrating the widespread tendency foreclose on any exploration of coalition that revises established, dominant, male-centered notions of coalition. In contrast, Morrison's Paradise explores coalition processes that are more accommodative, caring, and loving, rather than exploitative, and that are aimed principally at survival and at moving toward a new, alternative form of non-hierarchical justice, rather than at maximizing and winning. Such a reformulation of coalition necessarily entails a particular conception of justice, as articulated within recent discussions of that have emphasized how is inseparable from social practices and thus cannot be examined a historically, for changes in relation changes in (Garth 1, 11); how it is artificial and inappropriate separate the concept of from that of or ideology (Fineman 81); and how conceptions of are historical constructions and thus power is implicated in the construction of justice (Eurick 37). All of conceptualizations of share an understanding that is both fluid and socially constructed and that any claims univ ersality must be understood as perspectival universality, in the sense that society provides the perspective from which is done and from which 'principles of justice' are formulated (Fisk 227-28). …" @default.
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• W201700805 title "Re-imagining agency: Toni Morisons’s Paradise." @default.
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