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• W2017016927 abstract "We note with interest the content of an article by Fell and Smith1 in Parasitology Today.Fell and Smith1xFell, A.H. and Smith, N.C. Parasitol. Today. 1998; 14: 364–369Abstract | Full Text | Full Text PDF | PubMed | Scopus (36)See all References1 review data from rodent malaria models, particularly mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi, that suggest that cell-mediated immune responses, rather than antibody, operate in the initial control and resolution of acute parasitaemia. They then describe recent work, in both rodent and human malaria, that appears to contradict the above interpretation, and go on to reprise an important protective role for opsonizing antibodies during this period of the infection. We would like to draw attention to several observations deriving from our own work that may lend support to Fell and Smith’s hypothesis.First, P. c. chabaudi (line AS) and P. yoelii yoelii (line A) produce avirulent infections in CBA/Ca mice in which the dynamics of parasite clearance differ2xJarra, W. and Brown, K.N. Parasite Immunol. 1989; 11: 1–13Crossref | PubMedSee all References2. In mice co-infected with these two parasite lines, the immune responses that fully resolve the P. y. yoelii infection cannot prevent the continued replication of P. c. chabaudi3xSnounou, G. et al. Parasitology. 1992; 105: 363–374Crossref | PubMed | Scopus (31)See all References3. Specific clearance of one parasite over another in humans infected with a mixture of P. falciparum and P. vivax has been shown elsewhere4xKitchen, S.F. : 995–1026See all References4. Second, CBA/Ca mice infected with P. c. chabaudi AS and, as they begin to resolve that infection, superinfected with homologous or heterologous parasites cannot clear the heterologous challenge as efficiently as the homologous parasites2xJarra, W. and Brown, K.N. Parasite Immunol. 1989; 11: 1–13Crossref | PubMedSee all References, 5xSnounou, G. et al. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 1989; 37: 37–46Crossref | PubMed | Scopus (23)See all References. A similar finding was observed2xJarra, W. and Brown, K.N. Parasite Immunol. 1989; 11: 1–13Crossref | PubMedSee all References2 in mice infected with P. y. yoelii A, a parasite where resolution of parasitaemia is ascribed to antibody activity. In contrast, when P. c. chabaudi AS-infected mice were superinfected with homologous or heterologous parasites some days before the peak of parasitaemia, these animals were able to clear both parasite lines equally effectively (T. Bourne et al., unpublished). Third, P. c. chabaudi AS parasitized erythrocytes incubated in vitro with plasma taken from P. c. chabaudi AS-infected mice 1–2 days post peak parasitaemia (acute phase plasma; APP) show markedly reduced infectivity when injected back into clean mice (W. Jarra and K.N. Brown, unpublished). Finally, we have recently identified and characterized (predominantly) IgG antibodies in APP. These antibodies bind to antigens exposed at the surface of P. c. chabaudi AS trophozoite or schizont infected erythrocytes and target such cells for phagocytosis by macrophages in vitro. Both these activities occur in a parasite-line-specific manner6xMota, M.M. et al. Infect. Immun. 1998; 66: 4080–4086PubMedSee all References6.Parasite-line-specific protective immune mechanisms capable of targeting parasitized erythrocytes for clearance and/or destruction are thus induced during the early stages of a P. c. chabaudi AS infection. The effects of these responses do not become apparent, however, until mice have gone into crisis and other aspecific, and as yet undefined, mechanisms must serve to limit parasite replication before this time.As Fell and Smith suggest, molecules on the surface of trophozoite or schizont infected erythrocytes are probably the primary target(s) for protective antibodies and the above observations would tend to support that view. Specific reagents are needed to investigate if antibody binding and opsonizing activity in this system demonstrates (phenotypic) variant specificity. In this regard homologues of the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein-1 (PfEMP-1)7xHoward, R.J. et al. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 1988; 27: 207–223Crossref | PubMed | Scopus (78)See all References7 and var genes8xBaruch, D.I. et al. Cell. 1995; 82: 77–87Abstract | Full Text PDF | PubMed | Scopus (741)See all References, 9xSu, X.Z. et al. Cell. 1995; 82: 89–100Abstract | Full Text PDF | PubMed | Scopus (804)See all References are being sought in P. c. chabaudi AS." @default.
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• W2017016927 title "More on Adaptive or Innate Resistance to Plasmodium" @default.
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• W2017016927 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4758(99)01444-1" @default.
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