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- W2017207369 abstract "Abstract Chemical analysis of the interface between two contacting materials, before and after a wear test, is essential for a complete understanding of the tribological process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful technique for the analysis of surfaces and for this reason, we have developed a tri-pin-on-disk apparatus to run within the controlled environment of an XPS spectrometer. The rig can run at variable speeds, with a normal force between 6 and 42 N on each 5-mm diameter pin, giving an apparent maximum pressure of 2 MPa, and, therefore, a wide range of conditions. The normal force is measured before the disk is lowered on to the pins and the friction force can be recorded throughout a wear test. At the end of a wear test, worn pins are transported to the analysis chamber of the XPS spectrometer without contamination from the atmosphere. Experiments have been carried out to investigate the extent and chemical composition of transfer films after tests with PEEK (poly-ether-ether-ketone) and APC2 (a PEEK-bonded carbon fibre composite) sliding against 316 stainless steel. No chemical change was found for PEEK pins sliding against fine ground stainless steel disks (Ra 0.3±0.02 μm [optical]). For steel pins sliding against an APC2 disc in vacuum (10 −8 mbar), relatively thick layers of amorphous carbon were transferred to the steel after only a short period of wear. A similar experiment in air produced thinner carbon transfer films. The apparatus provides a convenient way of measuring chemical changes that may occur on surfaces undergoing wear and provides a new capability for EPSRC Users of the Scienta ESCA300 XPS at Daresbury Laboratory." @default.
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- W2017207369 date "1999-12-01" @default.
- W2017207369 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2017207369 title "A tri-pin-on-disk apparatus for in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of worn surfaces" @default.
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- W2017207369 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1648(99)00296-3" @default.
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