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• W2017388934 endingPage "26" @default.
• W2017388934 startingPage "1" @default.
• W2017388934 abstract "Abstract Concern over the health effects of fine particles in the ambient environment led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to develop the first standard for PM 2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm) in 1997. The Particle Technology Laboratory at the University of Minnesota has helped to establish the PM 2.5 standard by developing many instruments and samplers to perform atmospheric measurements. In this paper, we review various aspects of PM 2.5 , including its measurement, source apportionment, visibility and health effects, and mitigation. We focus on PM 2.5 studies in China and where appropriate, compare them with those obtained in the U.S. Based on accurate PM 2.5 sampling, chemical analysis, and source apportionment models, the major PM 2.5 sources in China have been identified to be coal combustion, motor vehicle emissions, and industrial sources. Atmospheric visibility has been found to correlate well with PM 2.5 concentration. Sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate carried by PM 2.5 , commonly found in coal burning and vehicle emissions, are the dominant contributors to regional haze in China. Short-term exposure to PM 2.5 is strongly associated with the increased risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in China. The strategy for PM 2.5 mitigation must be based on reducing the pollutants from the two primary sources of coal-fired power plants and vehicle emissions. Although conventional Particulate Emission Control Devices (PECD) such as electrostatic precipitators in Chinese coal-fired power plants are generally effective for large particles, most of them may not have high collection efficiency of PM 2.5 . Baghouse filtration is gradually incorporated into the PECD to increase the PM 2.5 collection efficiency. By adopting stringent vehicle emissions standard such as Euro 5 and 6, the emissions from vehicles can be gradually reduced over the years. An integrative approach, from collaboration among academia, government, and industries, can effectively manage and mitigate the PM 2.5 pollution in China." @default.
• W2017388934 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2017388934 creator A5029972704 @default.
• W2017388934 creator A5062350109 @default.
• W2017388934 creator A5082593344 @default.
• W2017388934 date "2014-04-01" @default.
• W2017388934 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2017388934 title "PM 2.5 in China: Measurements, sources, visibility and health effects, and mitigation" @default.
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