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- W2017391147 abstract "Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the United States. Ccl2 knock-out (KO) mice sporadically develop the cardinal features of AMD in their senescent stage. Humans bearing a loss of function variant or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in CX3CR1 are at increased risk of developing AMD. We recently developed Ccl2 −/− / Cx3cr1 −/− mice, which consistently develop retinal degeneration with many AMD features. Since there is strong evidence for an immunological role in AMD pathogenesis, we examined ocular immune protein expression levels in Ccl2 −/− / Cx3cr1 −/− , Ccl2 −/− , Cx3cr1 −/− , and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed increased complement C3d in Bruch's membrane , retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choroidal capillaries, and particularly drusen of the Ccl2 −/− / Cx3cr1 −/− mice relative to the WT controls. No change was detected in single KO mice. Real-time RT-PCR revealed a 2.5-fold increase in C3 expression in the Ccl2 −/− / Cx3cr1 −/− . While the retinas of four month old WT and Ccl2 −/− showed minimal immunoreactivity for markers of macrophages and microglia , infiltrates of these mononuclear phagocytic cells were detected in the Ccl2 −/− / Cx3cr1 −/− retinal lesions and a few foci in the Cx3cr1 −/− retina. The Ccl2 −/− / Cx3cr1 −/− had reduced toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in the RPE. Following LPS injection, the Ccl2 −/− / Cx3cr1 −/− had significantly reduced endotoxin-induced uveitis scores and showed a diminished increase in Tlr4 mRNA expression. No changes in TLR4 expression were detected in either single KO. Autoantibodies against the retina and photoreceptors were also detected in the Ccl2 −/− / Cx3cr1 −/− serum. Real-time RT-PCR revealed significant increases in Ccl5 transcript in the Ccl2 −/− / Cx3cr1 −/− relative to the WT. These results suggest that innate immunity and possibly adaptive immunity play an important role in Ccl2 −/− / Cx3cr1 −/− retinal degeneration. Moreover, since human AMD patients show similar immunopathological profiles, these results support the Ccl2 −/− / Cx3cr1 −/− as a suitable model for human AMD." @default.
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- W2017391147 date "2008-04-01" @default.
- W2017391147 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2017391147 title "Immunological protein expression profile in Ccl2/Cx3cr1 deficient mice with lesions similar to age-related macular degeneration" @default.
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- W2017391147 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2008.01.014" @default.
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