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• W2017644516 abstract "Insulin resistance and other cardio-metabolic risk factors predict increased risk of depression and decreased response to antidepressant and mood stabilizer treatments. This proof-of-concept study tested whether administration of an insulin-sensitizing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist could reduce bipolar depression symptom severity. A secondary objective was to determine whether levels of highly sensitive C-reactive protein and interleukin (IL)-6 predicted treatment outcome. Patients (n = 34) with bipolar disorder (I, II, or not otherwise specified) and metabolic syndrome/insulin resistance who were currently depressed (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms [QIDS] total score ≥11) despite an adequate trial of a mood stabilizer received open-label, adjunctive treatment with the PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone (15–30 mg/day) for 8 weeks. The majority of participants (76 %, n = 26) were experiencing treatment-resistant bipolar depression, having already failed two mood stabilizers or the combination of a mood stabilizer and a conventional antidepressant. Supporting an association between insulin sensitization and depression severity, pioglitazone treatment was associated with a decrease in the total Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-C30) score from 38.7 ± 8.2 at baseline to 21.2 ± 9.2 at week 8 (p < 0.001). Self-reported depressive symptom severity and clinician-rated anxiety symptom severity significantly improved over 8 weeks as measured by the QIDS (p < 0.001) and Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (p < 0.001), respectively. Functional improvement also occurred as measured by the change in total score on the Sheehan Disability Scale (−17.9 ± 3.6; p < 0.001). Insulin sensitivity increased from baseline to week 8 as measured by the Insulin Sensitivity Index derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (0.98 ± 0.3; p < 0.001). Higher baseline levels of IL-6 were associated with greater decrease in depression severity (parameter estimate β = −3.89, standard error [SE] = 1.47, p = 0.015). A positive correlation was observed between improvement in IDS-C30 score and change in IL-6 (r = 0.44, p < 0.01). Open-label administration of the PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone was associated with improvement in depressive symptoms and reduced cardio-metabolic risk. Reduction in inflammation may represent a novel mechanism by which pioglitazone modulates mood. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00835120)" @default.
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• W2017644516 date "2014-04-09" @default.
• W2017644516 modified "2023-10-13" @default.
• W2017644516 title "PPAR-γ Agonism as a Modulator of Mood: Proof-of-Concept for Pioglitazone in Bipolar Depression" @default.
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• W2017644516 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-014-0158-2" @default.
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