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- W2017816452 abstract "In a nonrandomized or observational study, a weak association between receipt of the treatment and an outcome may be explained not as effects caused by the treatment but rather by a small bias in the assignment of individuals to treatment or control; however, a strong association may be explained as noncausal only by a large bias. The strength of the association between treatment and outcome is not uniform across the data from a study, and this motivates giving greater weight where the association is stronger. In an observational study with treated-control matched pairs, it is known that results are less sensitive to unmeasured biases if pairs with small absolute differences in outcomes are given little weight in the analysis; more precisely, such a test statistic has superior design sensitivity. How should outcomes be weighted if an observational study is matched in sets with one treated subject and several controls? An M-statistic is the quantity equated to zero in defining Huber’s M-estimates, including the mean, and it is used in testing hypotheses and setting confidence limits. In matched sets, a weighted M-statistic increases the weight of some matched sets and decreases the weight of others. Not unlike the case of matched pairs, weighted M-statistics with suitable weights have larger design sensitivities, and hence greater power in a sensitivity analysis, than unweighted statistics for symmetric unimodal errors, such as Normal, logistic, or t-distributed errors. This issue is examined using an asymptotic measure, the design sensitivity, and using simulation. For one Normal sampling situation, weighting the matched sets increased the power of a 0.05 level sensitivity analysis from 0.05 without weights to 0.75 with weights. An example from NHANES 2009–2010 concerning methylmercury in the blood of people who consume large amounts of fish is used to illustrate." @default.
- W2017816452 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2017816452 creator A5067324209 @default.
- W2017816452 date "2014-07-03" @default.
- W2017816452 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
- W2017816452 title "Weighted <i>M</i>-statistics With Superior Design Sensitivity in Matched Observational Studies With Multiple Controls" @default.
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- W2017816452 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2013.879261" @default.
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