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• W2018342808 endingPage "912" @default.
• W2018342808 startingPage "905" @default.
• W2018342808 abstract "Background Previous studies have shown that individuals withdrawn from chronic opiate administration undergo substantial elevations of cortisol levels with blunted corticotropin (ACTH) rhythms and that these changes persist beyond the 7–10 days of acute withdrawal symptoms. However, there are no published studies of changes in expression of clock genes or of other neuropeptides related to circadian-rhythm regulation, which may influence relapse susceptibility. Methods Blood samples were collected from 8 healthy control subjects and 16 heroin addicts during pharmacologically unassisted withdrawal on the 3rd, 10th, and 30th days of abstinence at 3-hour intervals for 24 hours. Outcome measures were the relative expression of clock gene mRNA (hperiod1, hperiod2, hclock) and the levels of serum cortisol, plasma ACTH, β-endorphin (β-EP), leptin, neuropeptide Y, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in these subjects. Results Compared with healthy volunteers, abstinent addicts showed disruptions in diurnal rhythms of hPER1 and hPER2 mRNA expression, along with disruptions in diurnal rhythms of cortisol, ACTH, β-endorphin, leptin, and IL-2 release. Several of these disruptions (hPER1, hPER2, ACTH, β-endorphin, and IL-2) persisted for the 30-day testing period, as did elevation of 24-hour levels of cortisol and decreases in 24-hour IL-2 and TNF levels. Conclusions These prolonged neurobiological changes may play a role in protracted opiate withdrawal symptoms and contribute to relapse vulnerability. Previous studies have shown that individuals withdrawn from chronic opiate administration undergo substantial elevations of cortisol levels with blunted corticotropin (ACTH) rhythms and that these changes persist beyond the 7–10 days of acute withdrawal symptoms. However, there are no published studies of changes in expression of clock genes or of other neuropeptides related to circadian-rhythm regulation, which may influence relapse susceptibility. Blood samples were collected from 8 healthy control subjects and 16 heroin addicts during pharmacologically unassisted withdrawal on the 3rd, 10th, and 30th days of abstinence at 3-hour intervals for 24 hours. Outcome measures were the relative expression of clock gene mRNA (hperiod1, hperiod2, hclock) and the levels of serum cortisol, plasma ACTH, β-endorphin (β-EP), leptin, neuropeptide Y, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in these subjects. Compared with healthy volunteers, abstinent addicts showed disruptions in diurnal rhythms of hPER1 and hPER2 mRNA expression, along with disruptions in diurnal rhythms of cortisol, ACTH, β-endorphin, leptin, and IL-2 release. Several of these disruptions (hPER1, hPER2, ACTH, β-endorphin, and IL-2) persisted for the 30-day testing period, as did elevation of 24-hour levels of cortisol and decreases in 24-hour IL-2 and TNF levels. These prolonged neurobiological changes may play a role in protracted opiate withdrawal symptoms and contribute to relapse vulnerability." @default.
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• W2018342808 date "2009-05-01" @default.
• W2018342808 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2018342808 title "Circadian Alteration in Neurobiology During 30 Days of Abstinence in Heroin Users" @default.
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• W2018342808 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.025" @default.
• W2018342808 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19135652" @default.
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