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• W2018453345 abstract "Mechanical injury during pulsed laser ablation of tissue is caused by rapid bubble expansions and collapse or by laser-induced pressure waves. In this study the effect of material elasticity on the ablation process has been investigated. Polyacrylamide tissue phantoms with various water concentrations (75-95%) were made. The Young's moduli of the gels were determined by measuring the stress-strain relationship. An optical fiber (200 or 400 micrometers ) was translated into the clear gel and one pulse of holmium:YAG laser radiation was given. The laser was operated in either the Q-switched mode (tau) <SUB>p</SUB> equals 500 ns, Q<SUB>p</SUB> equals 14 +/- 1 mJ, 200 micrometers fiber, H<SUB>o</SUB> equals 446 mJ/mm<SUP>2</SUP>) or the free-running mode ((tau) <SUB>p</SUB> equals 100 microsecond(s) , Q<SUB>p</SUB> equals 200 +/- 5 mJ, 400 micrometers fiber, H<SUB>o</SUB> equals 1592 mJ/mm<SUP>2</SUP>). Bubble formation inside the gels was recorded using a fast flash photography setup while simultaneously recording pressures with a PVDP needle hydrophone (40 ns risetime) positioned in the gel, approximately 2 mm away from the fibertip. A thermo-elastic expansion wave was measured only during Q-switched pulse delivery. The amplitude of this wave (approximately equals 40 bar at 1 mm from the fiber) did not vary significantly in any of the phantoms investigated. Rapid bubble formation and collapse was observed inside the clear gels. Upon bubble collapse, a pressure transient was emitted; the amplitude of this transient depended strongly on bubble size and geometry. It was found that (1) the bubble was almost spherical for the Q-switched pulse and became more elongated for the free-running pulse, and (2) the maximum bubble size and thus the collapse amplitude decreased with an increase in Young's modulus (from 68 +/- 11 bar at 1 mm in 95% water gel to 25 +/- 10 bar at 1 mm in 75% water gel)." @default.
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• W2018453345 date "1995-05-22" @default.
• W2018453345 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2018453345 title "Effect of Young's modulus on bubble formation and pressure waves during pulsed holmium ablation of tissue phantoms" @default.
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• W2018453345 doi "https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209906" @default.
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