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• W2018570382 abstract "IntroductionA Centennial Celebration of Albert Camus Robert Zaretsky (bio) “Even my death will be contested. And yet what I desire most today is a quiet death. . .”1 Albert Camus’ prediction, not his desire, has proved true. Born just over a century ago, Camus’ unquiet life and disquieting work reflect the long twentieth century, from world wars through cold wars to wars on terror. It is, in particular, his diagnosis of our absurd condition, and his effort to find not a cure (for there is none), but instead the proper response that makes Camus timeless, yet so timely. Since his infancy, Camus lived on intimate terms with the absurd. He lost his father he never knew in a war fought for a nation, France, he knew only through history books; he was raised in Algiers by a grandmother who could not read and a mother who could neither read, hear, nor truly speak; and he discovered, as a teenager, his mortality when he began to cough up blood from his tubercular longs. But as Camus understood, events were not, in themselves, absurd. They simply were. Absurdity bleeds into our lives only when we scratch them for meaning. It laps against us when, in seeking an answer, we instead hear only “the unreasonable silence of the world.” We watch helplessly, Camus observes in The Myth of Sisyphus, as the “stage setting” of our lives collapses, leaving us with neither script nor director. Can we live our lives without the reassurance, once provided by religion and faith, of overarching justifications for the world and its denizens? Is it, Camus wonders, “possible to live without appeal”? For this son of working class Algiers, the question was not the stuff of café chatter. Instead, it was of the greatest moral urgency in a world brutalized by nihilist ideologies. Camus published his absurd works, The Stranger and The Myth of Sisyphus, in Nazi-occupied France. Yet even as they won critical esteem, the young author grasped that he had to move beyond them. The absurd, he scrawled in his journal, “teaches nothing.”2 Instead of looking at ourselves, as do his absurd heroes, we must look to others: we are, Camus recognized, condemned to live together in this silent world. Our deepest impulse, once we realize the silence will never end, is to refuse this state of affairs. To shout “No” to the world as it is, to shout “Yes” to the world as it should be. We rebel against “the spectacle [End Page 1] of irrationality,” Camus declared, and we resist “when we are confronted with an unjust and incomprehensible condition.”3 This condition—what Camus called the “outrage”—is no less political than it is metaphysical, and it joins those who were at first isolated and alone. This was Camus’ experience in occupied France, where he became editor of the clandestine newspaper Combat and the great voice of the Resistance. He continued to resist after the war and until his death in 1960. Whether it was the use of the guillotine in republican France or the use of gulag in the Soviet Union, the use of civilian bombings by Algerian nationalists or the use of torture by French soldiers: these acts of state violence and arbitrary terror could neither be condoned nor justified. Ironically, Camus’ dogged insistence on the need for human solidarity made him feel at times a kind of solitude. His denunciation of communism created a deep rift with his friend Jean-Paul Sartre along with much of the rest of the Paris intelligentsia, while his heroic, but failed efforts to broker a civilian peace in his native and bloodied Algeria reduced him to silence, one that was decried by both sides to the tragic conflict. But Camus’ solitude was, most importantly, the consequence of his character. In his life and work—the two are so deeply entwined that one hesitates to address them separately—Camus revealed his utter incapacity to be lulled by the rationalizations we give for our own actions or the actions of others. At the same time, he insisted on questioning, and spurring others to question, these same beliefs and received ideas. He had the..." @default.
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• W2018570382 date "2014-01-01" @default.
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• W2018570382 title "Introduction: A Centennial Celebration of Albert Camus" @default.
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• W2018570382 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/scr.2014.0028" @default.
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