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• W2019016745 abstract "Objective: There is growing evidence that in both oocytes and embryos complex spatiotemporal calcium (Ca) oscillations are generated, at least partly, by intracellular Ca stores. However, little is known about the essential protein constituents of the Ca stores that are involved in Ca storage and release in mammalian oocytes and embryos (including human). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the presence and localization of Ca binding proteins and Ca release receptor channels in human oocytes, fertilized eggs and preimplantation embryos.Design: A descriptive immunocytochemical study of human gametes and embryos.Materials/Methods: Intact oocytes (n = 149) and embryos (n = 130) were fixed with either formaldehyde or methanol and processed for immunocytochemistry using specific antibodies against the proteins being studied. Immunostaining was assessed using confocal scanning microscopy.Results: Nonrandom distribution and abundant quantities of calreticulin and calsequestrin, the two major Ca storage proteins of somatic cells, were observed in maturing oocytes, pronuclear zygotes and early cleaving embryos (2-8 cell stage). Calreticulin was always found to be confined to the cell cortex, while calsequestrin was dispersed throughout the cytoplasm of the cells. Calreticulin co-localized with another chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum, calnexin. Direct evidence for the presence of the inositol triphosphate (IP3, type-II) and ryanodine (Ry, type I-III) receptors was also demonstrated. Whereas the arrangement of Ca binding proteins appeared to remain unchanged during oocyte maturation and embryo growth, the IP3 and Ry receptors underwent dynamic developmental changes in density and distribution. The IP3 receptor had a cortical distribution, which was similar to that of calreticulin. The Ry receptor was uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm, which was similar to the calsequestrin localization.Conclusions: This is the first report documenting the presence and distribution of Ca storage and release proteins in human oocytes, fertilized eggs and preimplantation embryos. The present findings suggest that human oocytes and embryos possess highly organized and diversified Ca sequestration and release mechanisms. Fine-tuning of these mechanisms may play a crucial role in the regulation of Ca transients during oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryo development. Objective: There is growing evidence that in both oocytes and embryos complex spatiotemporal calcium (Ca) oscillations are generated, at least partly, by intracellular Ca stores. However, little is known about the essential protein constituents of the Ca stores that are involved in Ca storage and release in mammalian oocytes and embryos (including human). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the presence and localization of Ca binding proteins and Ca release receptor channels in human oocytes, fertilized eggs and preimplantation embryos. Design: A descriptive immunocytochemical study of human gametes and embryos. Materials/Methods: Intact oocytes (n = 149) and embryos (n = 130) were fixed with either formaldehyde or methanol and processed for immunocytochemistry using specific antibodies against the proteins being studied. Immunostaining was assessed using confocal scanning microscopy. Results: Nonrandom distribution and abundant quantities of calreticulin and calsequestrin, the two major Ca storage proteins of somatic cells, were observed in maturing oocytes, pronuclear zygotes and early cleaving embryos (2-8 cell stage). Calreticulin was always found to be confined to the cell cortex, while calsequestrin was dispersed throughout the cytoplasm of the cells. Calreticulin co-localized with another chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum, calnexin. Direct evidence for the presence of the inositol triphosphate (IP3, type-II) and ryanodine (Ry, type I-III) receptors was also demonstrated. Whereas the arrangement of Ca binding proteins appeared to remain unchanged during oocyte maturation and embryo growth, the IP3 and Ry receptors underwent dynamic developmental changes in density and distribution. The IP3 receptor had a cortical distribution, which was similar to that of calreticulin. The Ry receptor was uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm, which was similar to the calsequestrin localization. Conclusions: This is the first report documenting the presence and distribution of Ca storage and release proteins in human oocytes, fertilized eggs and preimplantation embryos. The present findings suggest that human oocytes and embryos possess highly organized and diversified Ca sequestration and release mechanisms. Fine-tuning of these mechanisms may play a crucial role in the regulation of Ca transients during oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryo development." @default.
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• W2019016745 title "Localization of calcium binding proteins and calcium release receptor channels in human oocytes, fertilized eggs and preimplantation embryos." @default.
• W2019016745 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(01)02118-5" @default.
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