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• W2019175723 abstract "Abstract The chemical modification might become an alternative to the thermal degradation of waste polyvinylchloride (PVC). Therefore, the nucleophile substitution of chlorine from flexible PVC by hydroxide (OH − ), thiocyanate (SCN − ), azide (N 3 − ), and iodide (I − ) was investigated in ethylene glycol (EG) at 190°C. With the exception of I − , all nucleophiles used resulted in substitution yields of about 20%. However, also high elimination yields were observed. When SCN was used as the nucleophile, the substitution/elimination ratio increased with decreasing temperature. The product at 150°C contained a mixed structure of thiocyanate and isothiocyanate groups, while at 190°C, only the structure of isothiocyanate was present the product, due to the isomerization of the SCN group under the formation of NCS at elevated temperatures. The substitution and dehydrochlorination yields increased with an increasing molar SCN/Cl ratio. When EG was replaced by diethylene glycol (DEG) or triethylene glycol (TEG), the dehydrochlorination was found to proceed more rapidly. The use of a solvent with a lower polarity improved the contact between the solvent and the polymer; however, solvents with a lower polarity favor the elimination over the substitution. Therefore, the substitution–elimination ratio increased in the order EG > DEG > TEG. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers." @default.
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• W2019175723 date "2011-03-28" @default.
• W2019175723 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2019175723 title "Effect of the nucleophilicity and solvent on the chemical modification of flexible poly(vinyl chloride) by substitution" @default.
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• W2019175723 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.21693" @default.
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