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- W2019176123 abstract "Apamin (a polypeptide from bee venom) specifically and reversibly blocks inhibitory nonadrenergic nerve-muscle transmission and the hyperpolarizing action of adenosine 5′-triphosphate in the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig caecum and stomach. Adenosine evokes a slow hyperpolarization in these muscles, which is not blocked by apamin. In the presence of apamin the muscle cells of the caecum, in response to intramural stimulation, generate excitatory instead of inhibitory junction potentials; these potentials are resistant to cholinergic, adrenergic and serotoninergic blocking agents. Under these conditions exogenous adenosine 5′-triphosphate, but not adenosine, induces depolarization instead of hyperpolarization. In contrast to the caecum, in the smooth muscle of the stomach neither non-cholinergic excitatory junction potentials nor depolarization by adenosine 5′-triphosphate occur in the presence of apamin. The excitatory junction potentials and the depolarization evoked by adenosine 5′-triphosphate that occur in caecum smooth muscle in the presence of apamin are not blocked by indomethacin—a specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Thus, at least in the smooth muscle of the intestine, there appear to be not only inhibitory but also previously unrecognized excitatory, purinergic nerve-muscle transmission. Apamin does not block the effects of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (contraction or relaxation) in smooth muscles of blood vessels, urinary bladder and uterus. It is suggested that there are two kinds of adenosine 5′-triphosphate receptors in the smooth muscles we have studied, namely those blocked by apamin (A1) and those resistant to apamin (A2). In the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract activation of A1 receptors induces inhibition while activation of A2 receptors induces excitation. It is also suggested that these smooth muscles contain ‘slow’ apamin-resistant purinergic receptors which are sensitive mainly to adenosine. Activation of these receptors evokes slow hyperpolarization, which mediates inhibition." @default.
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- W2019176123 title "Effect of apamin on the electrical responses of smooth muscle to adenosine 5′-triphosphate and to non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerve stimulation" @default.
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- W2019176123 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(80)90154-2" @default.
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