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• W2019405802 abstract "Data in stroke patients suggest that training an affected hand with mirrored feedback of the unaffected hand aids recovery, possibly by facilitating the corticospinal tract (CST) in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the active hand (contralateral to the observed hand). Virtual reality (VR) environments can also be used to provide a virtual mirror effect of the moving limb. To test if a similar cortical facilitation could be observed when receiving feedback in VR, 3 healthy subjects performed sequential finger movements with their right hand while receiving one of four types of feedback: 1) left virtual hand motion, 2) right virtual hand motion, 3) left virtual blob motion, and 4) right virtual blob motion. Virtual hands were realistic representations of actual hands and were actuated in real time by the subjects own movement by streamlining joint motion from a data glove worn by subjects (5DT, Fifth Dimension Technologies, www.3dt.com, sampling rate, 100 Hz) through a VRPack plug-in communicating with an open source Virtual Reality Peripheral Network (VRPN) (www.cs.unc.edu/Research/vrpn) with a custom written VR architecture (Virtools, Dassault Systemes 2006, www.virtools.com). Blobs were non-anthropomorphic shapes (matching the virtual hand in size, color, movement frequency, and visual field position) to control for these non-specific effects. Subjects hands were positioned behind the virtual hands to maximize proprioceptive-visual matching. To measure CST excitability, we applied single pulse TMS (Magstim Rapid2, 70mm figure-8 coil, 110% RMT) to the FDI representation in the motor cortex ipsilateral to the active hand and recorded the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the contralateral (inactive) hand. TMS was also applied while watching a blank screen, motionless (baseline). Twelve trials (5s inter-trial interval) were performed per condition. Maximal MEP amplitude was averaged for each condition. No difference was noted between baseline and virtual blob MEPs. However, MEPs were about 30% higher in the virtual hand condition (relative to baseline and virtual blobs). Viewing the left relative to the right virtual hand led to a further 5% increase in the MEP, suggesting a stronger response when the observed hand corresponds to the hemisphere that would be controlling it (i.e. the contralateral hemisphere). Virtual mirror stimulation may thus be an effective way to modulate cortical excitability during training." @default.
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• W2019405802 date "2008-07-01" @default.
• W2019405802 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2019405802 title "Mirrored feedback in virtual reality enhances corticospinal excitability" @default.
• W2019405802 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.194" @default.
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