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• W2019438870 abstract "[1] A study is conducted of the principal chemical effects induced by the passage of a single sprite streamer through the mesosphere at an altitude of 70 km. Recent high-speed imaging of sprite streamers has revealed them to comprise bright (1–100 GR), compact (decameter-scale) heads moving at ∼107 m s−1. On the basis of these observations, a quantitative model of the chemical dynamics of the streamer head and trailing region is constructed using a nonlinear coupled kinetic scheme of 80+ species and 800+ reactions. In this initial study, chemical processes related to currents in the trailing column and to vibrational kinetics of N2 and O2 are not included. The descending streamer head impulsively (τ ∼ 10 μs) ionizes the gas (fractional ionization density ∼10−9), leaving in its trail a large population of ions, and dissociated and excited neutral byproducts. Electrons created by ionization within the head persist within the trailing column for about 1 s, with losses occurring approximately equally by dissociative attachment with ambient O3, and by dissociative recombination with the positive ion cluster N2O2+. The ion cluster is produced within the trailing channel by a three-step process involving ionization of N2, N2+ charge exchange with O2, and finally three-body creation of N2O2+. On the basis of simulation results, it is concluded that the observed reignition of sprites most likely originates in remnant patches of cold electrons in the decaying streamer channels of a previous sprite. Relatively large populations (fractional densities ∼10−9–10−8) of the metastable species O(1D), O(1S), N(2D), O2(a1Δg), O2(b1Σg+), N2(A3Σu+), and N2(a′ 1Σu−) are created in the streamer head. The impulsive creation of these species initiates numerous coupled reaction chains, with most of the consequent effects being of a transient nature persisting for less than 1 s. These include weak (∼1 kR), but possibly detectable, OI 557.7 nm and O2(b1Σg+ → X3Σg−) Atmospheric airglow emissions. Neutral active species created in the greatest abundance (fractional densities > 10−8) are N2(X1Σg+, v), O(3P), N(4S), and O2(a1Δg), which, because of the absence of readily available chemical dissipation channels, persist for longer than 100s of seconds. Other long-lived (>1000 s) effects are very weak (∼1–10 R) OH(X2Π, v = 6…9 − Δv) Meinel emissions produced by O(3P)-enhanced OH catalysis and O2(a1Δg → X3Σg−) Infrared Atmospheric emissions. Short-lived (∼100 s) populations of hydrated positive ions and negative ion clusters are also created in the streamer trail. Electron impact dissociated N(2D) interacts with O2 to create a long-lived (>1000 s) increase (fractional enhancement ∼ 75%) of the ambient NO density within the streamer channel, for a net production of ∼5 × 1019 NO molecules for the streamer as a whole. It is suggested that in addition to the optical emissions from electron-impact excited electronic states of N2, a substantial portion of the spectrum may be due to chemiluminescent processes derived from vibrational kinetics of nitrogen." @default.
• W2019438870 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2019438870 creator A5029587219 @default.
• W2019438870 creator A5049580517 @default.
• W2019438870 creator A5075145645 @default.
• W2019438870 creator A5076486414 @default.
• W2019438870 date "2008-06-10" @default.
• W2019438870 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2019438870 title "Plasma chemistry of sprite streamers" @default.
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