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- W2019919022 abstract "The present investigation reports the first experimental measurements of the reorganization energy of unfolded metalloprotein in urea solution. Horse heart cytochrome c (cyt c) has been found to undergo reversible one-electron transfer reactions at pH 2 in the presence of 9 M urea. In contrast, the protein is electrochemically inactive at pH 2 under low-ionic strength conditions in the absence of urea. Urea is shown to induce ligation changes at the heme iron and lead to practically complete loss of the α-helical content of the protein. Despite being unfolded, the electron-transfer (ET) kinetics of cyt c on a 2-mercaptoethanol-modified Ag(111) electrode remain unusually fast and diffusion controlled. Acid titration of ferric cyt c in 9 M urea down to pH 2 is accompanied by protonation of one of the axial ligands, water binding to the heme iron (pKa = 5.2), and a sudden protein collapse (pH < 4). The formal redox potential of the urea-unfolded six-coordinate His18-Fe(III)-H2O/five-coordinate His18-Fe(II) couple at pH 2 is estimated to be −0.083 V vs NHE, about 130 mV more positive than seen for bis-His-ligated urea-denatured cyt c at pH 7. The unusually fast ET kinetics are assigned to low reorganization energy of acid/urea-unfolded cyt c at pH 2 (0.41 ± 0.01 eV), which is actually lower than that of the native cyt c at pH 7 (0.6 ± 0.02 eV), but closer to that of native bis-His-ligated cyt b5 (0.44 ± 0.02 eV). The roles of electronic coupling and heme-flattening on the rate of heterogeneous ET reactions are discussed." @default.
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- W2019919022 date "2005-04-30" @default.
- W2019919022 modified "2023-10-12" @default.
- W2019919022 title "Electrochemistry of Unfolded Cytochrome <i>c</i> in Neutral and Acidic Urea Solutions" @default.
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- W2019919022 doi "https://doi.org/10.1021/ja050321g" @default.
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