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- W2019928619 abstract "Abstract Most fibers of the descending respiratory pathway from medulla to spinal cord are direct (uncrossed), but in many species there is also a “functionally latent” crossed pathway. The uncrossed pathway has been demonstrated by showing that hemisection of the spinal cord at C2 results in paralysis of the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm. The crossed pathway has been revealed by subjecting these operated animals to severe hypoxia immediately after the cord hemisection (e.g., by transecting the contralateral phrenic nerve). Following this procedure the previously paralyzed hemidiaphragm resumes contracting. This response has been designated the “crossed phrenic phenomenon”. The guinea pig is known to be one of the few laboratory mammals which does not exhibit a crossed-phrenic phenomenon. This was verified by subjecting six guinea pigs to spinal hemisection at C2. They developed an ipsilateral hemidiaphragmatic paralysis that was unaffected by immediate contralateral phrenicotomy. Presumably, in this species, the crossed pathway is either absent or the fibers are too few in number to be functional. In six other guinea pigs, 2 to 7 months were allowed to elapse after hemisecting the spinal cord. In all these animals, interruption of the contralateral phrenic nerve after this long postoperative interval produced an immediate resumption of contractions of the previously paralyzed hemidiaphragm. Possible changes during the interoperative interval that render the crossed pathway functional include: (i) growth of collateral nerve sprouts from the intact descending pathway to the contralateral phrenic motor neurons; (ii) local proliferation and extension of the functionally ineffective terminations of the crossed pathway; and (iii) changes in properties of the postsynaptic membrane that enable previously ineffective fibers to generate an action potential." @default.
- W2019928619 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2019928619 date "1976-05-01" @default.
- W2019928619 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2019928619 title "Functional plasticity in the respiratory pathway of the mammalian spinal cord" @default.
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- W2019928619 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4886(76)90265-x" @default.
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