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- W2019938896 abstract "Abstract The predictions from three vapor dispersion models for cold dense gas releases are compared with the results from several 40 m3 LNG spill experiments conducted at China Lake, California, in 1980. The models vary considerably in the degree to which they approximate important physical phenomena and include restricting assumptions. The simplest model (GD), a modified Gaussian plume model, predicted a vapor cloud that was always too high and too narrow by a factor of 1.5 to 3. The second model (SLAB), a layer-averaged conservation equation model with one independent spatial variable (downwind distance), generally predicted the maximum distance to the lower flammability limit (LFL) and cloud width quite well. SLAB assumes the vertical concentration distribution is nearly uniform so that the vertical concentration gradient (∂c/∂z) is essentially zero from the ground up through most of the cloud and then very steep at the top of the cloud. This was generally not the case in these experiments, especially in the high wind speed tests, where the vertical concentration gradient was found to be more gradual throughout the cloud. The final model (FEM3) is a fully three-dimensional conservation equation model that generally predicted the concentration distribution in time and space rather well. A particular achievement of this model was the prediction of a bifurcated cloud structure observed in one experiment conducted with a low ambient wind speed. Both the SLAB and the FEM3 models accurately predicted the length of time required for the cloud to disperse to a level below the LFL, even in the low wind speed test where the vapor cloud lingered over the source region for a considerable length of time after the LNG spill was terminated." @default.
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- W2019938896 date "1982-07-01" @default.
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- W2019938896 title "A comparison of dense gas dispersion model simulations with burro series LNG spill test results" @default.
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- W2019938896 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(82)80037-x" @default.
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