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• W2019964623 abstract "During the last decade the Environmental Incident Service of the RIVM hasmeasured the levels of hazardous airborne compounds and depositedparticles at more than fifty major fires. These data have beensystematically classified with the aim of determining the types andlevels of hazardous compounds released in fires of specific materials,such as plastics, wood and chemical waste. Literature data fromincineration experiments and field measurements carried out near fireswere also used.The results of this study are summarized in a concise and practical tablethat gives the types and amounts of substances, both gaseous and particlebound, released in fires of certain materials. The table can be used byfire brigades and environmental measuring services to determine theappropriate measuring strategy for fires and to make a risk assessment ofpeople exposed to the smoke.The study shows that all fires generate substantial amounts of the commoncombustion products, including carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs), and fine particles. Other components are onlyreleased from the combustion of specific materials - for example,hydrogen chloride and dioxins from the combustion of polyvinyl chloride.Ambient air concentrations of emitted compounds are always increaseddownwind of the fire, even up to a few hundred meters from the source. This does not, however, imply by definition that those people exposed runenhanced health risks. At distances of 1 km or more from the fireconcentrations are at a normal level, or only slightly elevated. Thedeposition of particles emitting from fires - with the exception of verylarge fires or special fires - barely results in any environmentalcontamination.Measurement data are scarce on a number of compounds that may be formedin a fire and which are potentially risky, such as isocyanates, brominecontaining fire retardants, nitrogen- and sulphur-containing PAHs,furans, nitriles, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen fluoride. More insightinto the behaviour of these compounds and their emission from fires aswell as their impact on both the environment and health of human beingsis desired. Adequate methods for measuring the concentrations of thesecompounds near fires also need to be developed." @default.
• W2019964623 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2019964623 date "2007-10-17" @default.
• W2019964623 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2019964623 title "Emissies van schadelijke stoffen bij branden" @default.
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