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- W2020177118 abstract "The question of the conditionability of the stapedius muscle has not been satisfactorily answered. Some studies report positive though weak results in both cat and man. More typically, however, negative results have been reported. In all previous reports a loud acoustic stimulus served as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). In the present study electrocutaneous stimulation of the external ear canal was used to elicit the stapedius muscle in humans. Contraction of the muscle was assessed by impedance changes within a delayed conditioning paradigm. The conditioned stimulus (CS) was a 1-kHz pure tone presented at a 30-dB hearing level. Thirty CS-UCS pairings were given each subject and then the CS was delivered alone until any conditioned responses (CR) which occurred had been extinguished. Latency measurements of the CRs were also recorded. CRs were readily obtained in eight of 10 subjects. Temporal conditioning was also demonstrated. Reference will be made to the close parallel between pupillary and stapedius muscle conditioning with regard to the relative ineffectiveness of light and sound, respectively. In addition, the effectiveness of mild electrocutaneous stimuli as the UCS will be discussed." @default.
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- W2020177118 date "1973-07-01" @default.
- W2020177118 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2020177118 title "Successful Conditioning of the Stapedius Muscle" @default.
- W2020177118 doi "https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1978070" @default.
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