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• W2020384433 abstract "Since Muller's experiments thirty years ago, it has been known that ionizing radiations increase the mutation rate and therefore are to some extent a genetic risk. Recently interest in this question has been stimulated by the realization that wide use of nuclear power may lead to a substantial increase in population exposure. A further factor that has increased the concern of geneticists has been the finding that mice are about 15 times as sensitive to radiation induction of mutations as Drosophila, which had formerly served as the sole basis for inferring human risks. It is likely that doses too small to cause any noticeable somatic damage may have appreciable genetic consequences; hence genetic considerations are primary in setting maximum dosages for the total population. The essential difficulty in setting dose limits is: Although there is general agreement that any increase in radiation exposure is genetically harmful, it is not possible to say with any assurance how harmful. This uncertainty prompted the British committee (1) to say: “Nowhere in our report have we been more conscious of the difficulties of the task which we have undertaken, and of the limitations of the knowledge at our disposal, than in considering the genetic effects of radiation.” The American report (2) includes similar statements. But despite this uncertainty, the two reports, prepared independently and approaching the problem from different directions, reach remarkably similar conclusions regarding maximum permissible exposures. The American report recommends that all humanly controllable sources of ionizing radiations be so restricted that the gonad dose from conception to age thirty does not average more than 10 r, in addition to background. The British report does not set a definite figure, but says, “Those responsible for authorizing the development and use of sources of ionizing radiation should be advised that the upper limit, which future knowledge may set to the total dose of extra radiation which may be received by the population as a whole, is not likely to be more than twice the dose which is already received from the natural background; the recommended figure may indeed be appreciably lower than this.” With the present background estimates of 3 to 5 r, this is practically equivalent to the 10 r of the American report. My intention is to summarize briefly the present state of knowledge of the genetic effects of radiation in man. In particular I wish to indicate the degree of uncertainty of various conclusions, the assumptions that must be made, and the extent to which it is necessary to depend on data from experimental animals. Some General Genetic Principles Three well established genetic principles are prerequisites for a consideration of the problem of radiation effects in man." @default.
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• W2020384433 date "1957-07-01" @default.
• W2020384433 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2020384433 title "Genetic Considerations in Establishing Maximum Radiation Doses" @default.
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• W2020384433 doi "https://doi.org/10.1148/69.1.18" @default.
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