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- W2020531060 abstract "<i >Background</i>. Mucosal or oral tolerance, an established method for inducing low-risk antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness, has not been investigated in vascularized composite allograft (VCA) research. We studied its effects on recipient immune responses and VCA rejection. <i >Methods</i>. Lewis rats (<svg style=vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:44.400002px; id=M1 height=11.125 version=1.1 viewBox=0 0 44.400002 11.125 width=44.400002 xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg> <g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)><path id=x1D45B d=M495 86q-46 -47 -87 -72.5t-63 -25.5q-43 0 -16 107l49 210q7 34 8 50.5t-3 21t-13 4.5q-35 0 -109.5 -72.5t-115.5 -140.5q-21 -75 -38 -159q-50 -10 -76 -21l-6 8l84 340q8 35 -4 35q-17 0 -67 -46l-15 26q44 44 85.5 70.5t64.5 26.5q35 0 10 -103l-24 -98h2
q42 56 97 103.5t96 71.5q46 26 74 26q9 0 16 -2.5t14 -11.5t9.5 -24.5t-1 -44t-13.5 -68.5q-30 -117 -47 -200q-4 -19 -3.5 -25t6.5 -6q21 0 70 48z /></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,13.305,10.862)><path id=x3D d=M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z /></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.008,10.862)><path id=x31 d=M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z /></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.168,10.862)><path id=x32 d=M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z /></g> </svg>; TREATED) received seven daily intrajejunal treatments of <svg style=vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:48.474998px; id=M2 height=15.9 version=1.1 viewBox=0 0 48.474998 15.9 width=48.474998 xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg> <g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,15.638)><path id=x35 d=M153 550l-26 -186q79 31 111 31q90 0 141.5 -51t51.5 -119q0 -93 -89 -166q-85 -69 -173 -71q-32 0 -61.5 11.5t-41.5 23.5q-18 17 -17 34q2 16 22 33q14 9 26 -1q61 -50 124 -50q60 0 93 43.5t33 104.5q0 69 -41.5 110t-121.5 41q-53 0 -102 -20l38 305h286l6 -8
l-26 -65h-233z /></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,11.996,15.638)><path id=xD7 d=M528 54l-36 -38l-198 201l-198 -201l-36 38l197 200l-197 201l36 38l198 -202l198 202l36 -38l-197 -201z /></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,25.748,15.638)><use xlink:href=#x31/></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,33.907,15.638)><path id=x30 d=M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105
q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z /></g> <g transform=matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,42.075,7.475)><path id=x37 d=M447 623l8 -12l-283 -613l-74 -10l-7 11q174 283 297 551h-216q-48 0 -62.5 -12t-33.5 -63h-29q10 60 18 148h382z /></g> </svg> splenocytes from semiallogeneic Lewis-Brown-Norway rats (LBN) or vehicle (<svg style=vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:44.400002px; id=M3 height=11.125 version=1.1 viewBox=0 0 44.400002 11.125 width=44.400002 xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg> <g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)><use xlink:href=#x1D45B/></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,13.305,10.862)><use xlink:href=#x3D/></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.008,10.862)><use xlink:href=#x31/></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.168,10.862)><use xlink:href=#x31/></g> </svg>; SHAM). Recipients’ immune responses were assessed by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) against donor antigen and controls. Other Lewis (<svg style=vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:36.237499px; id=M4 height=11.125 version=1.1 viewBox=0 0 36.237499 11.125 width=36.237499 xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg> <g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)><use xlink:href=#x1D45B/></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,13.305,10.862)><use xlink:href=#x3D/></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.008,10.862)><path id=x38 d=M249 635q70 0 116 -43t46 -105q0 -46 -28 -80q-22 -25 -80 -64q62 -35 97 -75t35 -99q0 -81 -63 -131t-135 -50q-83 0 -137.5 45.5t-54.5 123.5q0 52 45 95q29 28 89 64q-109 62 -109 155q0 66 50.5 115t128.5 49zM238 603q-42 0 -67.5 -31t-25.5 -72q0 -50 32.5 -79.5
t98.5 -62.5q61 48 61 124q0 59 -29.5 90t-69.5 31zM248 20q46 0 76.5 33.5t30.5 89.5q0 50 -39 85.5t-110 71.5q-81 -54 -81 -137q0 -67 35.5 -105t87.5 -38z /></g> </svg>; TREATED/VCA) received LBN hindlimb VCA and daily intrajejunal treatments of <svg style=vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:48.474998px; id=M5 height=15.9 version=1.1 viewBox=0 0 48.474998 15.9 width=48.474998 xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg> <g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,15.638)><use xlink:href=#x35/></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,11.996,15.638)><use xlink:href=#xD7/></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,25.748,15.638)><use xlink:href=#x31/></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,33.907,15.638)><use xlink:href=#x30/></g> <g transform=matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,42.075,7.475)><use xlink:href=#x37/></g> </svg> LBN splenocytes, or LBN VCA without treatment (<svg style=vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:36.237499px; id=M6 height=10.925 version=1.1 viewBox=0 0 36.237499 10.925 width=36.237499 xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg> <g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.65)><use xlink:href=#x1D45B/></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,13.305,10.65)><use xlink:href=#x3D/></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.008,10.65)><use xlink:href=#x35/></g> </svg>; SHAM/VCA), until VCAs rejected. Recipients’ immune responses were characterised and VCAs biopsied for histopathology. Immunosuppressants were not used. <i >Results</i>. LBN-specific hyporesponsiveness was induced only in treated Lewis recipients. Treatment significantly reduced MLR alloreactivity, significantly reduced VCA rejection on histopathology, and significantly delayed clinical VCA rejection (<svg style=vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:75.025002px; id=M7 height=11.375 version=1.1 viewBox=0 0 75.025002 11.375 width=75.025002 xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg> <g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)><path id=x1D443 d=M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5
t-10.5 -39.5l-43 -241q37 -13 83 -13q67 0 125.5 45t58.5 129z /></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.582,11.112)><path id=x3C d=M512 -3l-437 233v51l437 233v-58l-378 -200v-2l378 -199v-58z /></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.286,11.112)><use xlink:href=#x30/></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,38.446,11.112)><path id=x2E d=M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z /></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.321,11.112)><use xlink:href=#x30/></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.481,11.112)><use xlink:href=#x30/></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,58.64,11.112)><use xlink:href=#x30/></g><g transform=matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,66.8,11.112)><use xlink:href=#x35/></g> </svg>; TREATED/VCA mean 9.6 versus 6.0 days for SHAM/VCA). Treatment significantly increased immunosuppressive IL-10/IL-4/TGF-<i >β</i> production and significantly decreased proinflammatory IFN-<i >γ</i>/TNF-<i >α</i>. <i >Conclusion</i>. Jejunal exposure to antigen conferred donor specific hyporesponsiveness that delayed VCA rejection. This method may offer a low-risk adjunctive treatment option to help protect VCAs from rejection." @default.
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- W2020531060 date "2012-01-01" @default.
- W2020531060 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2020531060 title "Vascularized Composite Allograft Rejection Is Delayed by Intrajejunal Treatment with Donor Splenocytes without Concomitant Immunosuppressants" @default.
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- W2020531060 doi "https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/704063" @default.
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