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• W2020592904 abstract "IT NOW seems to be established beyond a reasonable doubt that the battle of Pydna, which brought the Third Macedonian War to a victorious conclusion for Rome, was fought 22 June 168 B.C. according to the Julian Calendar. This date is supported not only by astronomical calculation of the eclipse which occurred the night before the battle,' but by the corroboration of an Athenian inscription found some years ago. The inscription showed conclusively that Pydna was fought shortly before the end of the Attic year 169/8 B.C. (in midsummer 168), and not in the late summer or early autumn 168, as K. J. Beloch argued.2 Livy, however, also gives us an exact date for the eclipse3 September according to the Roman calendar in use at the time of the battle (the so-called Flavian calendar).3 Livy is also regarded as corroborating this date when in another place he tells us that the news of the victory reached Rome 16 September (Flavian), the second day of the ludi Romani,4 and a few lines later on that the news was received in Rome on the thirteenth day after the battle.5 If this is true, it equates 21 June 168 B.C. (Julian) with 3 September (Flavian); this in turn means that the Roman official year, running from 15 March (Flavian) through 14 March (Flavian) following, in this particular year began on 4 January (Julian) and ended on 24 December (Julian).6 Accordingly this implies that in the period of the Third Macedonian War the Flavian calendar was about two to two and one-half months in advance of the Julian calendar. The validity of this equation for the Flavian and Julian calendars has been most ably supported by Gaetano de Sanctis,7 and is widely accepted by scholars at the present time.8 Nevertheless there are many inconsistencies in our sources for the chronology of the Third Macedonian War which make it difficult to work out a coherent sequence of events.9 The present paper hopes to show that several of the dates in the Flavian calendar given by the Roman annalists for 168 B.c., and incorporated by Livy into his narrative, are incorrect, and that the regularly accepted comparison of the Julian and Flavian calendars for the period of the Third Macedonian War is untrustworthy. It may be impossible to prove directly that the equation 3 September (Flavian) = 21 June (Julian) 168 B.C. is wrong, since to do so would require proving one or more negative propositions; but, if the" @default.
• W2020592904 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2020592904 date "1953-10-01" @default.
• W2020592904 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2020592904 title "The Roman Calendar in the Year of Pydna (168 B.C.)" @default.
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• W2020592904 doi "https://doi.org/10.1086/363681" @default.
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