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• W2020666912 abstract "Alaskan Oil And National Wildlife Ranges by Richard G. Smith* Interest in oil in Alaska is not new. The first oil wells were drilled on Cook Inlet and at Katalla near Cordova in 1902. A refinery was built on the Katalla field in 1912 and the field ultimately yielded some 150,000 barrels of oil before the refinery burned in 1933.2 Nor is knowledge of oil new on the North Slope. U. S. Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 covering some 37,000 square miles of the North Slope was established in 1923. By the mid 1950's the Navy had caused some 75 wells to be drilled, outlined an oilfield estimated to contain more than 125 million barrels, a major gas field, several smaller oil and gas deposits, and had spent more than 45 million dollars.2 When the Swanson River field was brought in on the Kenai Peninsula in 1957, more than 100 wells had been drilled in Alaska. What is new is the combined effort on a massive scale to explore, test for, and develop the oil deposits of both the Cook Inlet and North Slope areas. The purpose of this paper is to examine the decisions on land use policy that have led to the development of one field within, and the beginnings of another adjacent to, a National Wildlife Range. * Dr. Smith is an Associate Professor of Geography at Western Washington State College, Bellingham 98225. This paper was presented at the 1971 meeting of the Association at Victoria, British Columbia. 1 The Petroleum Industry in Alaska, Alaska Monthly Review of Business and Economic Conditions, Institute of Business, Economic and Government Research, Univ. of Alaska, Vol. 1, No. 4, 1964, p. 2. 2 Ibid., p. 2. 75 76 ASSOCIATION OF PACIFIC COAST GEOGRAPHERS :·: NAVÁi';:;V.v..'. PET¿oitúW::;;;V¦'•tä.'i:'·':'·':'::·:·? Jâ Figure 1. Location map. In 1941 Executive Order No. 8979 created the two-million acre Kenai National Moose Range (Figure I)3 administered by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, one of the major subdivisions of the Fish and Wildlife Service in the Department of the Interior. The purpose of the range is one ... of protecting the natural breeding and feeding range of the giant Kenai moose on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, which in this area presents a unique wildlife feature and an unusual opportunity for the study in its natural environment of the practical management of a big game species . . . . 4 Clearly the reservation was created to protect and to provide for the opportunity to study the moose in its natural habitat. The Bureau of 3 Establishing the Kenai National Moose Range—Alaska, Executive Order 8979, Federal Register 6:6741, Dec. 18, 1941. Boundaries modified by: Alaska, Adjusting the Boundaries of the Kenai National Moose Range, F. R. Doc. 645273 , May 28, 1964. 4 Executive Order 8979, p. 1. YEARBOOK · VOLUME 35 · 197377 Sport Fisheries and Wildlife operates and manages the Moose Range, in essence, under this charter. When the Executive Order was signed, leasing and testing for oil and gas within the boundaries of the Range were prohibited. The prohibition against oil and gas leasing lasted until August 2, 1958, nearly a year after the Swanson River oilfield strike on July 19, 1957. The Swanson River oilfield is entirely within the Kenai National Moose Range. This curious turn of events has its parallel in the proposed oil pipeline from the North Slope to Valdez. Oil companies had already landed the pipe in Valdez, Fairbanks, and on the North Slope before permission was granted for laying one inch of it over the route between the two ends. In the case of the Kenai, the essential points are as follows: In 19.54 and 1955 oil companies filed applications for leases within the Kenai National Moose Range with the Department of the Interior. Leasing was not legal then so the Department simply retained the applications. Testing for oil and gas occurred shortly thereafter, including the construction of miles of seismic trails, roadbuilding , and other activities culminating in the important discovery in 1957. In 1958 the Department opened the northern half of the Range for leasing and accepted those applications bv Standard..." @default.
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• W2020666912 date "1973-01-01" @default.
• W2020666912 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2020666912 title "Alaskan Oil And National Wildlife Ranges" @default.
• W2020666912 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/pcg.1973.0001" @default.
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