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• W2020804780 abstract "From the time the Drosophila melanogaster male is less than an hour old, sperm are continuously maturing, becoming motile, and entering the seminal vesicle, regardless of sexual activity. When a male, at any stage in its life history, is exposed to X-rays, all existing germ-cell stages are simultaneously irradiated. After irradiation, sperm will be sequentially produced by the male more or less in order of their stage of maturation at the time of irradiation, the first sperm samples being comprised of germ cells that were most mature at the time of irradiation. As the time interval between irradiation and the initial mating increases, the sperm samples consist of ever less homogeneous mixtures of cells that were at varying stages of maturity at the time of irradiation. If the male mates at a regulated pace after irradiation, sperm samples can be obtained that enable one to measure separately, and with reasonable accuracy, the mutability of mature sperm, intermediate and late spermatid stages, and early spermatids. Even so, unless each male in an experiment mates the same number of times each day, sampling of the various stages will become more and more asynchronous, as some males will produce sperm derived from stages quite different from those sampled at the same time from other males in the same experimental group. Then, if mutation frequencies are collected in terms of days after irradiation, they will not accurately reflect the mutability of any particular germ cell stage. When appropriate experimental procedures are followed, the mutability of mature, motile sperm is found to be as high, or higher, in male irradiations as in irradiations of inseminated females. The sex-linked recessive lethal mutation frequency characteristic of mature, motile sperm approaches 4% per 1000 R. Immotile sperm stages (intermediate and late spermatids) have a much lower mutability, less than 2% per 1000 R. Early spermatids again have a high mutability, probably exceeding that of motile sperm. The actual mutation frequency encountered at any time following irradiation reflects the proportion of the various kinds of irradiated germ cells in the sperm sample assayed. The precise proportion in any given sperm sample will be related to the age of the male at the time of irradiation, his previous mating history, the length of time that has elapsed between the irradiation and mating, and the number of inseminations that have ensued since the irradiation. The inherent mutability of male germ cells can be correlated with their physiological state at the time of irradiation. Thus, rapidly differentiating early spermatids are highly mutable and radiosensitive. Later, after the major structural modifications of the cell have been accomplished, the immotile intermediate and late spermatids exhibit a low mutability. Finally, in the terminal step in their differentiation the spermatids acquire motility, thereby becoming transformed into functional spermatozoa whose mutability is simultaneously reset to a high level." @default.
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• W2020804780 title "X-ray induced mutability in male germ cells of Drosophila melanogaster" @default.
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• W2020804780 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(64)90004-1" @default.
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