Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2020981664> ?p ?o ?g. }
Showing items 1 to 98 of
98
with 100 items per page.
- W2020981664 endingPage "96" @default.
- W2020981664 startingPage "93" @default.
- W2020981664 abstract "Immune tolerance and autoimmunity are important clinically. Firstly, there are at least 40 known or suspected autoimmune diseases, and many are common (see box). Overall, 1 person in 31 is affected.1 Moreover, autoimmune type 1 diabetes is the most common of all chronic diseases of children. Secondly, autoimmune disease is poorly diagnosed because the onset can be stealthy, and initial symptoms are often non-specific—tiredness, fatigue, or fever. Thirdly, patients with autoimmune disease will expect an interpretation of their illness from their doctor. Fourthly, new insights are set to revolutionise management, by replacement of blanket immunosuppression with new selective immunotherapies#### Prevalence of autoimmune diseasesFigure 1 illustrates how tolerance is established and maintained and how it fails with ensuing autoimmunity. Specific immune and autoimmune responses involve the same elements. These include ( a ) an antigen (or autoantigen); ( b ) a response by interacting families and subsets of cells that include antigen presenting cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes; ( c ) messenger molecules, cytokines, chemokines, and their receptors; and ( d ) signalling and costimulatory molecules on cell surfaces (fig 2). Many of the functionally important cell surface molecules and their receptors are described by the cluster of differentiation (CD) nomenclature, based on their identification by characterised monoclonal antibodies.#### Predicted developmentsCloser insights into generation of natural immune tolerance to selfClarification of importance of apoptosis for loss of tolerance and development of autoimmunityEnhanced understanding of how the “wrong …" @default.
- W2020981664 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2020981664 creator A5073399902 @default.
- W2020981664 date "2000-07-08" @default.
- W2020981664 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2020981664 title "Science, medicine, and the future: Tolerance and autoimmunity" @default.
- W2020981664 cites W132916333 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W1504809230 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W1561376808 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W1578923163 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W1630503232 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W1967507425 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W1969466880 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W1974210099 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W1975015519 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W1975332625 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W1975782919 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W1977151756 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W1991261490 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W1996378263 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W2001433846 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W2004470862 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W2005659566 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W2007797448 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W2016193783 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W2017828665 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W2021942933 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W2029599607 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W2034306860 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W2041128469 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W2042980141 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W2087977692 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W2116860084 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W2142575954 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W2150927811 @default.
- W2020981664 cites W71378148 @default.
- W2020981664 doi "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7253.93" @default.
- W2020981664 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1127768" @default.
- W2020981664 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10884262" @default.
- W2020981664 hasPublicationYear "2000" @default.
- W2020981664 type Work @default.
- W2020981664 sameAs 2020981664 @default.
- W2020981664 citedByCount "103" @default.
- W2020981664 countsByYear W20209816642012 @default.
- W2020981664 countsByYear W20209816642013 @default.
- W2020981664 countsByYear W20209816642014 @default.
- W2020981664 countsByYear W20209816642015 @default.
- W2020981664 countsByYear W20209816642016 @default.
- W2020981664 countsByYear W20209816642017 @default.
- W2020981664 countsByYear W20209816642018 @default.
- W2020981664 countsByYear W20209816642019 @default.
- W2020981664 countsByYear W20209816642020 @default.
- W2020981664 countsByYear W20209816642021 @default.
- W2020981664 countsByYear W20209816642022 @default.
- W2020981664 countsByYear W20209816642023 @default.
- W2020981664 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
- W2020981664 hasAuthorship W2020981664A5073399902 @default.
- W2020981664 hasBestOaLocation W20209816642 @default.
- W2020981664 hasConcept C127413603 @default.
- W2020981664 hasConcept C159654299 @default.
- W2020981664 hasConcept C203014093 @default.
- W2020981664 hasConcept C2522767166 @default.
- W2020981664 hasConcept C2780130043 @default.
- W2020981664 hasConcept C41008148 @default.
- W2020981664 hasConcept C55587333 @default.
- W2020981664 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
- W2020981664 hasConceptScore W2020981664C127413603 @default.
- W2020981664 hasConceptScore W2020981664C159654299 @default.
- W2020981664 hasConceptScore W2020981664C203014093 @default.
- W2020981664 hasConceptScore W2020981664C2522767166 @default.
- W2020981664 hasConceptScore W2020981664C2780130043 @default.
- W2020981664 hasConceptScore W2020981664C41008148 @default.
- W2020981664 hasConceptScore W2020981664C55587333 @default.
- W2020981664 hasConceptScore W2020981664C71924100 @default.
- W2020981664 hasIssue "7253" @default.
- W2020981664 hasLocation W20209816641 @default.
- W2020981664 hasLocation W20209816642 @default.
- W2020981664 hasLocation W20209816643 @default.
- W2020981664 hasLocation W20209816644 @default.
- W2020981664 hasOpenAccess W2020981664 @default.
- W2020981664 hasPrimaryLocation W20209816641 @default.
- W2020981664 hasRelatedWork W1968961493 @default.
- W2020981664 hasRelatedWork W2158467197 @default.
- W2020981664 hasRelatedWork W2437977013 @default.
- W2020981664 hasRelatedWork W2748952813 @default.
- W2020981664 hasRelatedWork W2899084033 @default.
- W2020981664 hasRelatedWork W2912928920 @default.
- W2020981664 hasRelatedWork W3205938183 @default.
- W2020981664 hasRelatedWork W4211228039 @default.
- W2020981664 hasRelatedWork W4225511328 @default.
- W2020981664 hasRelatedWork W648283885 @default.
- W2020981664 hasVolume "321" @default.
- W2020981664 isParatext "false" @default.
- W2020981664 isRetracted "false" @default.
- W2020981664 magId "2020981664" @default.
- W2020981664 workType "article" @default.