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- W2021076918 abstract "Abstract Election manifestos are important documents, but very little is known about the way parties create their manifestos and how they use them. This is unfortunate, because such knowledge can inform both the academic study of party politics and political practice. This article presents original results from interviews with actors who played a key role in creating the 2007 national election manifesto for the major Irish parties. It describes the sequence of actions in developing the manifesto, and how those involved in the preparation perceive its functions. The results suggest that preparation processes are similar to those found a decade ago, but a trend towards giving party activists a larger say seems to be emerging. This finding is at odds with the prediction of the cartel party model that party leaders seek to reduce the influence of activists. Another finding is that manifestos are not only used to address voters, but also are tools for intra-party coordination, for communication with interest groups, and are especially important in the government formation process. Students of party competition should take this multi-purpose nature of the documents and variation in preparation modes into account. Finally, if there is a lack of policy debate in Irish election campaigns, the reason does not lie in a lack of policy material on the side of the parties. Keywords: election manifestosmanifesto preparationparty organizationcartel partyparty positions Acknowledgements An earlier version of this article was presented at the Political Studies Association of Ireland (PSAI) Conference at the Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT), 8–10 October 2010, where participants provided helpful feedback. The author is greatly indebted to the party representatives (in alphabetical order: Colm Ó Caomhánaigh, General Secretary of the Green Party; Gerry Hickey, former Programme Manager of the Taoiseach; Andrew McDowell, Director of Policy in Fine Gael; Shannonbrooke Murphy, National Director of Policy in Sinn Féin; and a senior figure from the Labour Party who prefers to be anonymous) who spent a good share of their precious time answering his questions. The author also would like to thank John Garry for valuable suggestions at the beginning of this project, Elaine Byrne for help with finding the interviewees, and Ken Benoit, Séin Ó Muineacháin and two anonymous referees for comments. Notes Data are from the Comparative Manifestos Project (Budge et al., Citation1987, Citation2001; Klingemann et al., Citation2006). It has to be pointed out that not all the documents in this data set are proper manifestos according to the above-cited definition. Where no manifestos were available, the research group coded similar documents, which in the Irish case often are newspaper articles and leaders' speeches (Mair, Citation1987a: 138–139). Judging on the basis of documents located and coded by the research group, the first Labour manifesto proper dates back to 1951. The first Fine Gael manifesto in the collection goes back to 1961. Fianna Fáil did not produce a manifesto proper before 1977. Somewhat more is known about the main British parties (Kavanagh, Citation1981; Rose, Citation1984; Bara, Citation2006). A partial exception is the study by Schumacher et al. Citation(2010), who analyse how party member involvement in policymaking (generally) affects party positioning. Yet, the preparation processes within the smaller Democratic Left and the Progressive Democrats were more open to their members of the Dáil than in other parties (Holmes, Citation1999: 34). More specifically, interviews took place on 27 January (Labour), 23 February (SF), 8 June (FG), 11 June (Greens) and 13 September (FF). Party constitutions, however, may contain rules regarding policy development more generally. The following time data have to be interpreted with care, because interviewees understandably had some problems making exact statements about the onset of the work after more than 3 years. Figures refer to the start of work on the manifesto as such. Preparatory work partly began earlier, e.g. in the Green Party (May 2006) or in FF, where first steps were taken 2 years before the election. The Policy Review Groups consist of members from across the 32 counties, including Ministers and spokespersons, party advisors and staff, elected local representatives as well as party regional representatives and other invited party activists. The Officer Board is elected by the general membership and consists of the President, Vice President, Chairperson, General Secretary, Director of Publicity and two Treasurers. Respective information for FF is lacking, as the interviewee is not active in politics any more." @default.
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- W2021076918 date "2012-02-01" @default.
- W2021076918 modified "2023-10-05" @default.
- W2021076918 title "The Preparation and Use of Election Manifestos: Learning from the Irish Case" @default.
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- W2021076918 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/07907184.2012.636183" @default.
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