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- W2021102519 abstract "In the 1980s, educational policymakers frequently have sought to regain public confidence in American schooling by instituting policies that mandate higher standards for student promotion and graduation. State and local educational agencies have drafted policies that set minimum competency requirements (measured through standardized tests) and increase the number of courses required for graduation. School districts have adopted promotion policies that seek to change the custom of social promotion to merit systems which base decisions to promote or retain on student achievement. In 1985-86, the School District of Philadelphia, under the superintendency of Dr. Constance Clayton, implemented its Systemwide Promotion Policy in conjunction with two other reform initiatives, (1) a standardized K-12 curriculum and (2) a standardized, curriculum-referenced testing program. The promotion policy relies on a formula that takes report card marks as well as standardized test scores into account. Marking guidelines mandate marking criteria for each subject area in grades K-12. Although no data were collected in the school year prior to the year of the policy's implementation, the overall in-grade retention rate rose from 12.7 percent in 1984 to 21.2 percent in 1986 (see Table" @default.
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- W2021102519 date "1989-01-01" @default.
- W2021102519 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2021102519 title "Implementing a Systemwide Promotion Policy: Dilemmas for Principals and Teachers in Urban Schools" @default.
- W2021102519 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/2295590" @default.
- W2021102519 hasPublicationYear "1989" @default.
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