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- W2021291250 abstract "Immunization against experimental coccidioidomycosis began with the use of a killed, whole-cell antigen. Negroni, Vivoli and Bonfiglioli (8) investigated the immune response in guinea pigs using dead material. Vogel and co-workers (14) at Duke University found that intramuscular immunization with a killed spherule-endospore suspension increased re? sistance of guinea pigs to pulmonary infection. The disease not only occurred less frequently but was less severe in the immunized than in the non-immunized control animals. Later Friedman (1) and Smith (2) reported that killed arthrospore vaccines administered subcutaneously protected mice against lethal disease but not against infection with Coccidioides immitis Rixf. & Gilchr. In the latter experiments the challenge dose was administered intraperitoneally. After Pappagianis and co-workers (10) observed that respiratory exposure appeared to be a more severe test of the resistance of immunized animals than challenge by parenteral inoculation, Levine et al. (5) adopted intranasal instillation as the method of challenge. Killed arthrospores, mycelial and spherule antigens introduced intramuscularly into mice all protected against lethal intranasal challenge. Mice that received the spherule-endospore vaccine appeared to have infections that were milder than mice immunized with other test vaccines. Extending his studies to larger animals, Levine et al (6) tested the efficacy of killed spherule vaccine in cynomolgous monkeys challenged with 200 air-borne organisms. A total dose of 9 mg (dry weight) of vaccine was used for immunizations that were given alternately subcu? taneously and intramuscularly at 1, 11, 28, and 54 days. The animals" @default.
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- W2021291250 date "1965-05-01" @default.
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- W2021291250 title "Immunization against Experimental Lethal Simian Coccidioidomycosis Using Whole Killed Arthrospores and Cell Fraction" @default.
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- W2021291250 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/3756871" @default.
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