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- W20217265 abstract "The evaluation of symptomatic patients with suspected heart failure (HF) is directed at confirming the diagnosis, determining the cause, identifying concomitant illnesses, establishing the severity of HF, and guiding therapy. However, HF is a clinical diagnosis, and no single test can establish its presence or absence. The diagnosis of HF is therefore made when symptoms and signs of impaired cardiac output and/or volume overload are documented in the setting of abnormal systolic and/or diastolic cardiac function. The cardinal triad of edema, fatigue, and dyspnea are neither sensitive nor specific manifestations of HF, and atypical presentations of HF should always be recognized, particularly when evaluating women, obese patients, and the elderly. A focused clinical history and physical examination should be performed in all patients and initial investigations should be targeted to confirm or exclude HF as the diagnosis and to identify systemic disorders (e.g., thyroid dysfunction) that may impact on its development or progression. Measurement of plasma biomarkers including natriuretic peptides, such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), is likely to become more widely available and is helpful as low levels are useful in excluding HF and high levels can confirm HF in patients presenting with dyspnea, when the clinical diagnosis remains uncertain. Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography are the initial imaging modalities of choice in patients suspected to have HF as they assess systolic and diastolic ventricular function, wall thickness, chamber sizes, valvular function, and pericardial disease. Radionuclide angiography is useful in patients whose echocardiographic images may be poor (e.g., obese patients, patients with emphysema)." @default.
- W20217265 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W20217265 creator A5022739391 @default.
- W20217265 date "2010-01-01" @default.
- W20217265 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W20217265 title "Diagnosis of Heart Failure: Evidence-Based Perspective" @default.
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- W20217265 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-147-9_18" @default.
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