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- W202206585 abstract "There is still a lack of basic information on the conditions causing ice formation on wind turbines, and of technical solutions for turbines operating at low temperatures and in icy climates, despite more and more installation taking place in recent years. Icing of wind turbines affects three different aspects: the design (aerodynamics, loads, control system, materials), safety (ice throw, unbalance, over power, fatigue), and cost-effectiveness (annual energy output expectations, reliable wind sensor, ice detection, wind turbine equipment and lifetime). Cold weather packages provided by turbine manufacturers are typically adopted. The aim of these technical solutions is to widen the operating temperature range of a given wind turbine. However, at sites with a high probability of icing – e.g. several weeks per year – systems that ensure the operation of turbines are needed in order to avoid long stoppages during icing weather events. Active or passive de-icing or anti-icing systems for the rotor blades are then recommended. In this chapter, a general review of the main effects of cold climates on wind energy conversion systems is provided. The wide array of solutions that have been used to reduce the impact of cold weather and ice events on wind turbine design and operation are presented and discussed. Finally, approaches to evaluating and minimising safety and economic risks from ice shedding, and operation and maintenance costs related to the exploitation of wind energy in cold climates are presented." @default.
- W202206585 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W202206585 date "2011-01-01" @default.
- W202206585 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W202206585 title "Optimising wind turbine design for operation in cold climates" @default.
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- W202206585 doi "https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857090638.3.388" @default.
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