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• W2022105390 abstract "Visual evoked potentials (EPs) to light flashes or to central electrical stimuli were studied in freely moving rats trained to press a lever for milk reward. The EPs were recorded from the optic chiasm (OC), dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LG) and striate cortex (posterior marginal gyrus) during the following behavioral states: (1) non-rewarded lever pressing performance (NOR); (2) consumption of reward; (3) relaxed wakefulness after satiation (REL); (4) sleep onset; and (5) emotional excitement (EXC). Light flashes were delivered from a tiny contact flash unit placed on the cornea. Both pupils were maximally dilated with homatropine. The EPs were studied either in absence or in the presence of ambient light entering the nonstimulated eye. A minimum intensity of ambient light entering one eye during consumption of reward was necessary for a bilateral occurence of high amplitude 6–9 c/sec rhythmic ECoG activity over the striate cortex, i.e., post-reinforcement synchronization (PRS). During NOR and EXC the EPs recorded from the OC, LG, and cortex (CX) were poorly developed, whereas those during PRS, REL or sleep onset were conspicuously augmented. The increase in amplitude of the OC and LG EPs was associated with increase in latency of the primary positive peaks. The presence of ambient light entering the non-stimulated eye during consumption of reward, associated with PRS, had a facilitatory effect on the EPs in the OC and LG. During other behavioral states: NOR, EXC, REL or sleep onset, ambient light had no significant effect. These observations indicate that a central interaction of light and gustatory input results in centrifugal modulation of gross retinal output. In contrast to flash-induced cortical EPs, those elicited centrally by electrical stimulation of the LG were markedly suppressed during PRS, REL or sleep onset as compared to EPs recorded during NOR or EXC. The facilitation of cortical EPs to LG stimulation observed during NOR and EXC was markedly potentiated by ipsilateral and contralateral input of ambient light. On the other hand, bilateral input of ambient light increased the amplitude and duration of PRS activity and suppressed the EPs, thus sharpening the contrast between the EPs observed during NOR or EXC and those recorded during PRS." @default.
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• W2022105390 title "Positive reinforcement and visual evoked potentials in cat" @default.
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