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• W2022136185 abstract "The x-ray in the public mind is associated chiefly with hospitals, physicians' offices, and dental chairs. It is well known to have brought about revolutionary changes in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, and to have a place in the investigations and teaching of physics, but fewer know that the trail of research, which led down the centuries to the discovery of the x-ray, has a much wider interest and significance. As we follow it we find ourselves witnessing the early development of electricity, magnetism, and the vacuum. We are led as directly to the radio, and to other manifold applications of electricity in vacuo, as to the x-ray itself, and the continuation of this same trail after the discovery of the x-ray brings us to the astonishing study of radiations, to radium, to the demonstration of the electron and to those revelations of the structure of atoms which are altering so profoundly the older concepts of matter and energy. A younger generation which has never lived in a world without x-ray and radio cannot hope to recapture that first wonder excited by these discoveries. But by retracing the winding, halting trail left by early experimentors, we will find a most fascinating story of exploration and discovery by pioneers in a world which lay close about mankind, unknown and unsuspected until new eyes of science could be evolved to see by the light of the invisible spectrum. It is a story of the forging of new weapons against ignorance as indispensable to the advance of civilization as were the weapons of bronze that enabled man to escape from the Stone Age; a story of rare geniuses isolated from each other by long stretches of years, yet maintaining a continuity of science by the written record, and finally a curious story of the intermingling of error with insight, one no less important than the other, in forming the trail which led not only to the x-ray but also to the age of electricity in which we live. I The discovery of the x-ray then is seen to be an associated result of the observations and experiments of many predecessors who left a trail of investigations leading back to sources in electricity, magnetism, and the vacuum. We shall find that the first electrical experiments were with amber, that the first observations on magnetism were with the lodestone, and that the first permanent vacuum was formed in the barometer. Before recorded history it was known that amber, when rubbed briskly, would attract or repel chaff, feathers, and similar light objects. Seldom has a fact so important seemed so trivial and lain under-foot so long a time. Amber, a fossil resin found chiefly on the shores of the Baltic, was a widely carried article of trade for at least two thousand years before the scientific investigation of its properties began. Although in a class with semi-precious stones, it was not especially rare. In fact, fifteen thousand pounds of it were brought into Rome during the reign of Nero." @default.
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• W2022136185 date "1934-08-01" @default.
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• W2022136185 title "The Research Trail of the X-ray" @default.
• W2022136185 doi "https://doi.org/10.1148/23.2.131" @default.
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