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- W2022154327 abstract "Phthalates are a class of man-made chemicals produced in large volumes and used in a wide variety of industrial and common household products such as children’s toys, lubricants, baby care products, chemical stabilizers in cosmetics, personal care products, medical products including intravenous (IV) tubing, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing. 1 Phthalates are structurally noncovalently bound in products and can therefore easily leach out and be ingested, inhaled, dermally absorbed, or can directly enter the bloodstream (IV exposures) of young children. 2 Because of widespread use of phthalates in our society, phthalate compounds are commonly found in household dust and indoor air in low to high concentrations depending on the surrounding environment. Children likely have multiple sources and routes of exposure, and current research indicates that almost all children’s urine samples contain measurable concentrations of phthalates metabolites. Public concern over phthalates has emerged in recent years due to potential human toxicity. Many animal studies examining prenatal and early developmental exposures to some phthalates report a variety of adverse health outcomes with specific toxicity to the developing male reproductive tract including an increased incidence of hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and testicular toxicity. An increase in the incidence of hypospadias and cryptorchidism has been reported in newborn males in the United States and other industrialized countries, 3,4 but few human studies examine health outcomes related to in utero or early childhood phthalate exposures. Other potential human health effects include reproductive toxicity, increased incidence of asthma/allergies, liver toxicity, and acute irritant effects. In 2005, The American Academy of Pediatrics released a technical report on pediatric exposure and toxicity of phthalates as endocrine disrupting chemicals and recommended conducting more research to determine potential exposures, toxicokinetics, and health outcomes. 2 This review will synthesize the current available literature related to phthalates and children’s health and provide recommendations on how to counsel patients regarding phthalate exposure and toxicity." @default.
- W2022154327 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2022154327 creator A5000981236 @default.
- W2022154327 date "2008-02-01" @default.
- W2022154327 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
- W2022154327 title "Phthalates and Children’s Health" @default.
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- W2022154327 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2007.11.001" @default.
- W2022154327 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18237855" @default.
- W2022154327 hasPublicationYear "2008" @default.
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