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- W2022166287 abstract "A horizontal Uensuremath{'}(1) gauge symmetry is invoked to distinguish several fermion generations which have the one and the same Weinberg-Salam (WS) structure. It is assumed that both weak hypercharges associated with the WS U(1) and the new Uensuremath{'}(1) factorize, i. e., they are of the form ${ensuremath{lambda}}_{i}y$ and ${{ensuremath{lambda}}^{ensuremath{'}}}_{i}{y}^{ensuremath{'}}$, where the scales ${ensuremath{lambda}}_{i}$,${{ensuremath{lambda}}^{ensuremath{'}}}_{i}$ are the so-called seriality numbers of the $imathrm{th}$ generation. The motivation for such an assumption comes from the standard WS model, where the anomaly constraints determine the $Y$ quantum numbers for a given generation up to a common scale. The generation structure is extended to the Higgs system as well, i.e., associated with the $imathrm{th}$ generation, there is an $imathrm{th}$ Higgs doublet whose Uensuremath{'}(1) hypercharge is ${{ensuremath{lambda}}^{ensuremath{'}}}_{i}h$ where $h$ is a number. We study as a prototype the simplest but the fundamental two-generation scheme in detail and show how when the above assumptions are combined with (a) anomaly-free conditions, (b) conservation of lepton numbers, and (c) the emergence of a proper Cabibbo structure, we are led to a unique choice for ${Y}^{ensuremath{'}}$ which can be expressed as ${Y}^{ensuremath{'}}=ensuremath{mp}[frac{Y}{3}+frac{2(Bensuremath{-}L)}{3}]$ with the (ensuremath{mp}) signs being the seriality numbers for the two generations, respectively. A hierarchy in the vacuum expectation values (VEV's) of the Higgs doublets produces the desired hierarchy in the fermion masses, and correlates the smallness of ${m}_{e}$ with the smallness of ${m}_{u}$, ${m}_{d}$, and ${ensuremath{theta}}_{C}$. The gauge boson associated with Uensuremath{'}(1) produces of course the undesirable flavor-changing neutral currents and the violation of $eensuremath{-}ensuremath{mu}$ universality. However, an additional Higgs singlet with zero $Y$ and with a large VEV suffices to make the mass of ${Z}^{ensuremath{'}}$ heavy enough to suppress the unwanted features to any desirable degree. From the ${K}_{L}ensuremath{-}{K}_{S}$ mass difference we estimate $M({Z}^{ensuremath{'}})>(frac{1}{ensuremath{alpha}})M(Z)$. We investigate briefly a three-generation scheme within the framework of the present model and argue that it fits more naturally in an ${[mathrm{SU}(2)ifmmodetimeselsetexttimesfi{}mathrm{U}(1)]}_{mathrm{WS}}ifmmodetimeselsetexttimesfi{}{mathrm{U}}^{ensuremath{'}}{(1)}^{N}$ model for ${2}^{N}$ generations. Thus, from our point of view, the existence of a third generation suggests the existence of a fourth one as well." @default.
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- W2022166287 title "Minimal anomaly-free electroweak model for several generations" @default.
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