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- W2022189462 abstract "Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAs) – inhibitors of thrombin or factor-Xa – are expected to replace vitamin K antagonists in most of their indications. Patients receiving long-term treatment with DOAs are likely to be exposed to elective or emergency surgery or invasive procedures. Owing to the present lack of experience in such conditions, we cannot make recommendations, but only propose perioperative management for optimal safety regarding the risk of bleeding and thrombosis. DOAs may increase surgical bleeding, they have no validated antagonists, they cannot be monitored by simple standardized laboratory assays and their pharmacokinetics vary significantly between patients. Although DOAs differ in many respects, the proposals in the perioperative setting need not be specific to each. For procedures with low haemorrhagic risk, a therapeutic window of 48 hours (last administration 24 hours before surgery, restart 24 hours after) is proposed. For procedures with medium or high haemorrhagic risk, we suggest stopping DOAs 5 days before surgery to ensure complete elimination in all patients. Treatment should be resumed only when the risk of bleeding has been controlled. In patients at high thrombotic risk (e.g. those in atrial fibrillation with a history of stroke), bridging with heparin (low molecular-weight heparin, or unfractionated heparin, if the former is contraindicated) is proposed. In an emergency, the procedure should be postponed for as long as possible (minimum 1–2 half-lives) and non-specific antihaemorrhagic agents, such as recombinant human activated factor VIIa or prothrombin complex concentrates should not be given for prophylactic reversal due to their uncertain benefit-risk. Les anticoagulants oraux directs (AOD), anti-IIa ou anti-Xa, sont destinés à remplacer les antagonistes de la vitamine K pour une majorité de leurs indications. Les patients traités par ces médicaments pourront bénéficier d’une chirurgie ou d’un acte invasif programmé ou urgent. L’absence d’expérience de cette situation ne permet pas d’émettre des recommandations, mais seulement des propositions pour la meilleure gestion possible vis-à-vis du double risque hémorragique et thrombotique. Les AOD sont à risque hémorragique en cas d’acte invasif, n’ont aucun agent de réversion validé, ne sont pas facilement mesurés par les tests de laboratoire et leur variabilité individuelle est importante. Bien qu’il existe des différences entre les AOD, elles n’imposent pas une prise en charge periopératoire particulière à chacun. Pour les actes programmés à risque hémorragique faible, il est proposé de réaliser une fenêtre thérapeutique de 48 h encadrant l’acte. Pour ceux à risque hémorragique modéré ou élevé, il est proposé d’interrompre le traitement à j5 pour assurer l’élimination complète du médicament chez tous les patients et de ne le reprendre que lorsque le risque hémorragique est contrôlé. Un relais par une héparine est justifié, si le risque thrombotique lié à l’indication initiale du traitement par l’AOD est élevé (patients en fibrillation atriale ayant un antécédent cardio-embolique). Dans les situations non programmées, l’acte invasif doit être retardé au maximum (1 à 2 demi-vies d’élimination du médicament si possible) et les agents hémostatiques non spécifiques (facteur VIIa recombinant, concentrés de complexe prothrombinique) ne doivent pas être utilisés à titre prophylactique." @default.
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- W2022189462 date "2011-12-01" @default.
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- W2022189462 title "Surgery and invasive procedures in patients on long-term treatment with direct oral anticoagulants: Thrombin or factor-Xa inhibitors. Recommendations of the Working Group on perioperative haemostasis and the French Study Group on thrombosis and haemostasis" @default.
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- W2022189462 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acvd.2011.09.001" @default.
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