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• W2022198523 abstract "Plasma-free corticosteroid concentrations, aggressive behaviour and levels of motivation to socially interact in a standard test were determined in two experiments. The two experiments used 32 and 40 pigs, respectively, and differences between experiments were to take into account the effects of neighbouring pigs between treatments (Experiment 1) and positional effects in the shed (Experiment 2). There were five treatments involving two types of housing (cage-stalls and tetherstalls), two designs of stall division (bars and mesh, that affected the level of aggressive behaviour between neighbouring pigs) and a control treatment of group-housed pigs. Pigs in tether-stalls separated by bars showed evidence of a chronic stress response; free corticosteroid concentrations were 1.28 and 1.21 ng ml−1 in Experiments 1 and 2 compared with 0.63 and 0.54 ng ml−1 for group-housed pigs, respectively (P < 0.01), and these changes were sufficient to affect plasma glucose concentrations (P < 0.01). Separating the tether-stalls with mesh obviated the increase in free corticosteroid concentrations (0.68 and 0.53 ng ml−1 in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively). Pigs housed in cage-stalls separated by bars or mesh showed only slight increases in free corticosteroid concentrations compared with group-housed pigs in Experiment 1 (0.87, 0.81 v. 0.63 ng ml−1, respectively, P < 0.05) and no differences in Experiment 2 (P > 0.05). The increase in free corticosteroid concentrations in Experiment 1 was of insufficient magnitude to affect plasma glucose concentrations. Behaviourally, pigs in the cage-stalls with bars and tether-stalls with bars showed higher levels (P < 0.05) of aggression than pigs in their modified counterpart treatments using mesh divisions, and the proportions of retaliatory and withdrawal behaviours were similar in the two treatments. Pigs in cage-stalls with bars moved backwards and forwards more often (P < 0.05) than pigs in the tether-stalls with bars and this increased movement, possibly in response to aggression, may be a factor affecting the different physiological responses in cage-stall and tether-stall treatments; in cage-stalls aggressive behaviour sequences may be terminated in a manner that does not induce a physiological response. In conclusion, the two experiments confirm that pigs housed in tether-stalls can show evidence of reduced welfare as a consequence of the design of the tether-stall divisions, but show that the design of the cage-stall has no effect on physiological responses. Thus, in this context, cage-stall housing does not appear to pose a risk to welfare." @default.
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• W2022198523 date "1989-08-01" @default.
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• W2022198523 title "The effect of design of tether and stall housing on some behavioural and physiological responses related to the welfare of pregnant pigs" @default.
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• W2022198523 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(89)90120-2" @default.
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